Salivary Cortisol levels and Parenting Styles: Relation to ADHD and Impact on associated Aggressive Behaviors

Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) one of the most studied mental health disorders which expresses itself in childhood. The principal signs of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity are based on a detailed history of a child's early developmental patterns along with direct observation of the child, especially in situations that require sustained attention.

ADHD is characterized by pervasive and impairing symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD has a complex etiology consisting of multiple genetic and environmental factors acting together to create a spectrum of neurobiological liability.

Study of cortisol levels and role of parenting in patients with ADHD in correlation with aggressive behaviors associated with ADHD has received limited research attention especially in the national literatures. These factors are important for understanding the psychopathophysiology of ADHD and its comorbidities.

We hypothesized that low basal cortisol levels and dysfunctional parenting styles in children with ADHD