Nutrigenomics and Gene Expression of Appetite Related Hormones in Relation with Adipocytokines in Obese Rats

Abstract

The worldwide epidemic of obesity was a serious threat to public health, in part because the increase in the mass of white adipose tissue (WAT) in obese individuals increases the risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The field of nutrigenomics studies the effect of nutrients on health through altering genome, proteome, metabolome, and resulting in physiological changes. For that the present study was conducted to investigate the impact of different dietary components of some appetite related hormones gene expression and their serum protein level in relation with inflammatory adipocytokines, oxidative stress imbalance, blood lipids profile, atherogenic indices and glucose metabolic dysfunction markers in adult male obese albino rats. Throughout this study a sufficient number of healthy adult male albino rats Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 200 ± 10 g were available for experimentation. All rats were offered the balanced diet with drinking water ad libitum for 7 days for adaptation. A number of 12 animals served as healthy control group fed on balanced diet (group 1). The rest of the 75 animals consumed the high fat- high sucrose diet for 7.5 weeks for induction of obesity until measurement of obesity by body mass index (BMI) [ 0.83±0.046 g/cm2] and Lee index [0.327±0.007 g/cm]. Then the obese rats were divided as following: group (2): Obese control rats fed on the high fat-high sucrose diet, group (3): Obese rats fed on high fiber (20% fiber) as low caloric diet, group (4): Obese rats fed on high antioxidant vitamins (A & E) (782 mg of vitamin A and 2.19 g of vitamin E) and group (5): Obese rats fed on high fiber-high antioxidant vitamins (A & E) mixed diet containing the tested doses. The experimental period was 4 weeks after induction of obesity and the measurements included in this study were nutritional and anthropometrical