Problems Solution for Dairy Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Today we are more aware than ever of the widespread effects of human activities on our environment. Environmental problems have, therefore, acquired new global dimensions. Global industrial production grew rapidly in the last four decades. The environmental impact of industry is increasing in terms of the quantity of energy and raw materials used and the quantity of wastes. On the other hand, the quality of industrial wastewater varies considerably and depends largely on the industry in hand, technology used country among other factors. Generally speaking, wastes are produced in three ways; through the production and consumption of goods and services, the processing of wastes from these activities and end-of-pipe control or treatment of emissions and effluents. The development of innovative technologies and new planning and management methods for the solution of environmental problems resulting from those three ways is also part of an international effort in today’s world. The Government of Egypt supports the transfer and use of the best, international technologies and environmental management systems as long as they are appropriate for or can be adapted to the local conditions. This principle is already high on the political agenda in Egypt. Healthy environment should not be considered a luxury, but rather a necessity on which the successful development of the country and its people depends. The rapid development of industry in Egypt over the past 20 years has resulted in establishing 11 new industrial zones, with 5 under construction at present. Additional 33 zones are planned up to the year 2017. Most of these zones facilities are not provided with end-of-pipe wastewater treatment units, air emission control CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 10 devices, or appropriate solid waste management systems. Few facilities operate efficient waste recycling units, and closed cooling water systems Nadia M. Ebeid and Ahmed H.,(2001). One of the industries that considerably produce a great volume of pollutant especially organic and/or physical pollutants is the food industry. Improper treatment and lack of implemented laws and regulations have led to deteriorating environmental conditions of the water and soil specifically. On the other hand, laws and regulations exist for providing the different guidelines for dumping industrial wastewater into waterways, domestic sewers or even sea water. The wastes from the processing of milk products (dairy industry) is one of the most widely spread of all industries. Almost every city or village regardless of location has one or more plants in which milk products are processed. These vary from small receiving stations to large plants where most of the products made from milk manufactured. 1.2 The Main Issue The dairy wastes are almost entirely composed of organic material in solution, or colloidal suspension, although some larger suspended organic solids may be present in such wastes as those from cheese and casein operations. Sand and other particles will be present in limited amounts as a result of cleaning up the floors. If these wastes are held for a short time, fermentation of the milk sugar will produce lactic acid and cause precipitation of the casein and other protein material. If stored in a condition which allows anaerobic action the waste rapidly becomes septic and odorous. Milk solids, especially the carbohydrate material, are readily oxidized biologically under aerobic conditions.