Recent Updates in Surgical Management ofPediatric Glaucoma

Abstract

Glaucoma is a common disease of the eye, and is the second leading cause of blindness in the world according to the World Health Organization. Glaucoma in most cases iscaused by raised pressure within the eye. Manifestations of elevated IOP in children can vary depending on age of onset and rate of pressure elevation. Gradually increasing pressure can result in little to no corneal clouding. An examination under anesthesia is essential in diagnosing childhood glaucoma. Pre-intubation IOP, refraction, axial length, corneal diameter, gonioscopy, and ultrasound biomicroscopy when visibility is poor, are key components of the examination. There are also several conditions characterized by developmental defects of the anterior chamber angle with additional ocular and systemic abnormalities, which may be associated with glaucoma. These disorders are typically bilateral, are usually diagnosed at birth or in early childhood, and most have a genetic basis. Furthermore, a large number of other syndromes with ocular and systemic abnormalities may be associated with developmental glaucoma. All these conditions have been grouped under the term secondary congenital glaucoma. Congenital glaucoma is primarily managed