DNA and Criminology, Future or Dead End?
Noha Farid Mohamed Diab;
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is composed of three specific parts: (1) the phosphate backbone, (2) the deoxyribose sugar, and (3) the nitrogenous base. It is a double-stranded helix, with the two strands connected by hydrogen bonds.
Generally, DNA testing is not a routine procedure as it costs time and money and the medico-legal expert is the one who should decide, whether the sample to be taken will be processed by DNA techniques or not.
There are many uses for forensic DNA testing and it has extended to all aspects of life. It includes identification of unknown, missing persons and victims of mass disasters, paternity testing, sexual assaults, bringing criminals to justice and releasing innocent people.
The application of DNA analysis on criminology has participated in solving cases where all other investigative techniques had failed. It leads to the development of DNA databases and innocence projects. Also, it has been applied to high-volume crimes and high success rate of identifying suspects was achieved.
DNA degradation has a well relationship with early postmortem interval (PMI) and so this degradation can be used for PMI determination.
Low Copy Number (LCN) is a DNA technique that allowed a very small amount of DNA to be analyzed, even the DNA from just 15 to 20 cells.
Touch DNA is DNA evidence resulting from the transfer of epithelial cells from the skin to an object. It is processed the same way as blood, semen, saliva etc.
Portable DNA devices have several applications as at booking stations for incoming suspects, in immigration cases and in disasters such as earthquakes to identify victims.
Although DNA has become the optimum forensic tool, it does have limitations as it is easily contaminated and considers as an invasion of privacy and subjecting the individual to genetic discrimination and violation of civil liberties.
Fake DNA is artificial DNA evidence that could be used to accuse the wrong person. This proved that even genetic evidence can be manipulated.
Finally, future of DNA is still promising and carries a lot of possibilities .For example, the possibility of distinguishing between identical twins.
Generally, DNA testing is not a routine procedure as it costs time and money and the medico-legal expert is the one who should decide, whether the sample to be taken will be processed by DNA techniques or not.
There are many uses for forensic DNA testing and it has extended to all aspects of life. It includes identification of unknown, missing persons and victims of mass disasters, paternity testing, sexual assaults, bringing criminals to justice and releasing innocent people.
The application of DNA analysis on criminology has participated in solving cases where all other investigative techniques had failed. It leads to the development of DNA databases and innocence projects. Also, it has been applied to high-volume crimes and high success rate of identifying suspects was achieved.
DNA degradation has a well relationship with early postmortem interval (PMI) and so this degradation can be used for PMI determination.
Low Copy Number (LCN) is a DNA technique that allowed a very small amount of DNA to be analyzed, even the DNA from just 15 to 20 cells.
Touch DNA is DNA evidence resulting from the transfer of epithelial cells from the skin to an object. It is processed the same way as blood, semen, saliva etc.
Portable DNA devices have several applications as at booking stations for incoming suspects, in immigration cases and in disasters such as earthquakes to identify victims.
Although DNA has become the optimum forensic tool, it does have limitations as it is easily contaminated and considers as an invasion of privacy and subjecting the individual to genetic discrimination and violation of civil liberties.
Fake DNA is artificial DNA evidence that could be used to accuse the wrong person. This proved that even genetic evidence can be manipulated.
Finally, future of DNA is still promising and carries a lot of possibilities .For example, the possibility of distinguishing between identical twins.
Other data
| Title | DNA and Criminology, Future or Dead End? | Other Titles | الحمض النووى منتقص الاكسجين (د.ن.أ) وعلم الجريمة، المستقبل أم نقطة النهاية ؟ | Authors | Noha Farid Mohamed Diab | Issue Date | 2014 |
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