ASSESSMENT OF USING SOME ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN BROILER DIETS

Abstract

The present study was carried out in two experiments: The first experiment: A total number of 210 unsexed 7 days old Hubbard broiler chicks were used in this study to assessment of using cake by-products (CBP) as an alternative energy source in broiler diets ongrowth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acids content in meat as meat quality measurements, bone traits, blood parameters and economic efficiency. Chicks were divided randomly into seven equal treatments (30 birds each). The experiment lasted from 7 to 40 days-old and contained 7 experimental diets contained 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% and 100% replacing yellow corn with CBP. The experimental period divided into 3 different stages; starter from 7 to 21 days-old, grower from 22-35 days-old and finisher from 36- 40 days-old. Results of this experiment showed that, chicks’ performance including live body weight (LBW), daily body weight gain (DBWG), daily feed consumption (DFC) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) didn’t significantly differ between treatments at different periods and overall period. Carcass traits were not significantly affected among treatments. Birds group received diets containing 30% CBP recorded the highest significant breast weight % as compared to their respective control groups and other treatment groups. The groups fed 30% and 45% CBP diets recorded higher pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles percent compared to their respective control group. Meat tissue of birds fed different levels of CBP had the highest content in summation saturated fatty acids (Ʃ SFA) and summation monounsaturated fatty acids (Ʃ MUFA), while the lowest content of summation polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ʃ PUFA) compared to the control group. There were not significant differences in bone measurements, except birds group fed 15% CBP diet gave the highest value for tibia length, while birds group received 75% CBP diet had the lowest value of tibia length. There is a significant difference between experimental treatments in some plasma components of chicks including globulin, albumin / globulin ratio, creatinine and uric acid between the different levels of CBP compared with control. Considering corn-soybean diet as the control diet (100% relative economic efficiency); the simple economic study indicated that 100% CBP treatment is the most profitable diet among experimental diets. The second experiment: A total number of 180 unsexed 7 days old Hubbard broiler chicks were used in this study to assessment of using scrape crude corn oil (SCCO) as an alternative energy source in broiler diets ongrowth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality measurements, bone traits, blood parameters,and economic efficiency.Chicks were divided randomly into six equal treatments (30 birds each). The experiment lasted from 7 to 40 days-old and contained 6 treatments diets which contained different levels of (SCCO) 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%, respectively. The experimental period divided into 3 different stages; starter from 7 to 21 days-old, grower from 22-35 days-old and finisher from 36- 40 days-old. Results of this experiment showed that, no significant differences between experimental treatments for live body weight (LBW) and daily body weight gain (DBWG) during the experimental periods. There were no significant differences among treatments for daily feed consumption (DFC) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter period. Birds group received 100% SCCO gave the highest DFC and the worst FCR through finisher and overall periods. There was no significant effect in carcass traits and morphological parameters of tibia bone among treatments. Fatty acids content in meat birds were significantly differed among experimental groups. Plasma total protein, albumin, globulin and plasma lipids fractions were significantly affected between bird groups fed different SCCO levels and control group.