Extraction of Sulphated Polysaccharides (SPS) from Different Species of Marine Macroalgae and Studying their role as Natural Anticoagulant

Abstract

Marine algae are the most important source of non-animal sulphated polysaccharides which possess important pharmacological activities such as anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial agents. Therefore, marine algae derived sulphated polysaccharides have great potential to be further developed as medicinal products. Marine macroalgae were collected seasonally for one year (September 2013 to August 2014) from the intertidal zone of sea for site I: Ras El-adabiya which located on the western shore of Suez Bay and site II: Ras Sedr which located north–east of the Gulf of Suez. The purpose of this study was to extract sulphated polysaccharides from marine macroalgae (Ulva lactuca, Codium dwarkense, Hypnea cornuta, Hormophysa triquetra, Sargassum denticulatum and Cystoseira myrica) by two different methods (hot and cold water extracts) and chemical analysis of obtained extracts also done (protein content, total sugar, sulphate content, sulfer, nitrogen and uronic acid). The biological parameter (photosynthetic pigments) and physico-chemical parameters for sea water samples were done. The results of the physico-chemical parameters for sea water samples showed that temp. ranged between 15-30 °C, pH 7.8-8.7, water salinity 38-42 ‰, DO 6-7 mg/L, NO3 0.021-4.6 mg/L, NO20.004-0.032 mg/L, NH4 0.019-0.3 mg/L and PO4 0.005-0.015 mg/L and the results of the biological parameter (photosynthetic pigments) revealed that the concentration of chlorophyll (a) ranged between 6.9-17.46 µg/L, chlorophyll (b) ranged between 9.1-24.9 µg/L, chlorophyll (c) ranged between 11.3-12.9 µg/L and carotenoids ranged between 3.26-4.65 µg/L. The potential of use sulphated polysaccharides as natural anticoagulant was tested by the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and the Prothrombin Time (PT) tests. The results showed that higher blood anticoagulant activity of SPs is proportional to the carbohydrate and sulphate contents and inversely proportional to the protein and uronic acid contents. So, the significant highest value of prothrombin time was 26.50±0.10 sec at concentration of 20% SPs for cold water extract from the brown alga Hormophysa triquetra, while the lowest value was 1.13±0.06 sec at conc. of 5% SPs for hot water extract from the red alga Hypnea cornuta. Also, the results indicated that the highest value of activated partial thromboplastin time 42.20±0.10 sec was recorded at conc. of 20% SPs for cold water extract from the brown alga Hormophysa triquetra and the lowest value 5.63±0.25 sec was recorded at conc. of 5% SPs for hot water extract from the red alga Hypnea cornuta.

Key words: Ras sedr, Ras El-adabiya, Gulf of Suez, Hormophysa triquetra, Sargassum denticulatum, Cystoseira myrica, Hypnea cornuta, Ulva lactuca, Codium dwarkense, Sulphated polysaccharides and blood anticoagulation activity