“Intensifying Petrolatum Deoiling for Production of Different Types of Petroleum Products”
Fathi Samir Soliman Ibrahim;
Abstract
Light and middle slack wax crudes were evaluated and the former was selected to separate the non-polar modifier concentrates by using multistage fractional crystallization and liquid-solid chromatography followed by urea adduction technique.
Alexandria and Suez crude petrolatums were evaluated based on the physical characteristics, structural group analysis and molecular type composition and the former was subjected to one stage fractional crystallization technique by using butyl acetate (BA) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) solvents at various fractionating dilution solvent ratios (2:1 to 8:1 by weight) and constant washing solvent ratio of 2:1 by weight at fractionating temperature of 200C.
The effect of addition of non-polar modifiers; C20, C22 & C24 individual n-alkanes their mixtures and the prepared non-polar modifier concentrates, was studied on the filtration rate and hard wax quality isolated by petrolatum deoiling. XRD, TGA analysis, DSC curves and SEM photographs were used to evaluate the crystallinity and crystal sizes, the thermal characteristics and crystal shapes, respectively of the separated hard waxes.
The light slack wax adduct is selected as a non-polar modifier concentrate of the low carbon number (C20 + C22) whereas, the adduct of the hard wax isolated at 30 0C can be used as the preferable non-polar modifier concentrate of the high carbon number atoms (C24 + C26).
From economic point of view, the non-polar modifier concentrate; C20+C22 n-alkanes prepared by adduction of the light slack wax is selected as a preferable modifier to intensify and improve the fractional crystallization of crude petrolatum at fractionating temperature of 200C, at the dilution solvent ratio of 8:1 by weight and by using butyl acetate solvent for saving energy and eliminating multi-stages of fractional crystallization process to produce microcrystalline wax with nearly similar characteristics.
XRD, TGA analysis, DSC curves and SEM photographs confirmed the above findings with the addition of 1 wt.% of the non-polar modifier concentrate.
Different grades of hardened ceresin; having high congealing points; were formulated by addition of 2 to 10 wt.% of low density poly ethylene (LDPE) with the separated microcrystalline wax. The ceresin grades can be used in various applications such as paper industry, crayons, inks, coatings, electronic insulation and hot melt adhesives.
Fourteen formulated blends of petrolatum were prepared based on the produced microcrystalline wax and slop wax saturate with heavy and light paraffin oils, respectively belonging to two groups. Six formulated blends are lied within the limits of the standard specifications of US Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary of petrolatum and can be used for industrial fields as lubrication of pharmaceutical machines. Meanwhile, two of them are classified as liquid petrolatum according to the standard specifications of Ultra Chemical Inc. of liquid petrolatum.
Moreover, six formulated blends are classified as white petrolatum according to the standard specifications of US Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary 2011 and can be used in most of the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food fields. Meanwhile, three of them are within the limits of standard specifications of Ultra Chemical Inc. of ultrapure liquid petrolatum besides the limits of US Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary 2011.
On the other hand, the remainder oil produced; after the separation of the saturates from the slop wax by liquid-solid chromatographic technique; contains an appreciable amounts of mono- and di-aromatic constituents (39.91 & 60.09 wt.%, respectively) an can be used as extender oil in ink and rubber manufactures.
Key Words: Slack wax, multistage fractional crystallization, liquid-solid chromatography, urea adduction technique, non-polar modifiers, microcrystalline wax, ceresin, petrolatum.
Alexandria and Suez crude petrolatums were evaluated based on the physical characteristics, structural group analysis and molecular type composition and the former was subjected to one stage fractional crystallization technique by using butyl acetate (BA) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) solvents at various fractionating dilution solvent ratios (2:1 to 8:1 by weight) and constant washing solvent ratio of 2:1 by weight at fractionating temperature of 200C.
The effect of addition of non-polar modifiers; C20, C22 & C24 individual n-alkanes their mixtures and the prepared non-polar modifier concentrates, was studied on the filtration rate and hard wax quality isolated by petrolatum deoiling. XRD, TGA analysis, DSC curves and SEM photographs were used to evaluate the crystallinity and crystal sizes, the thermal characteristics and crystal shapes, respectively of the separated hard waxes.
The light slack wax adduct is selected as a non-polar modifier concentrate of the low carbon number (C20 + C22) whereas, the adduct of the hard wax isolated at 30 0C can be used as the preferable non-polar modifier concentrate of the high carbon number atoms (C24 + C26).
From economic point of view, the non-polar modifier concentrate; C20+C22 n-alkanes prepared by adduction of the light slack wax is selected as a preferable modifier to intensify and improve the fractional crystallization of crude petrolatum at fractionating temperature of 200C, at the dilution solvent ratio of 8:1 by weight and by using butyl acetate solvent for saving energy and eliminating multi-stages of fractional crystallization process to produce microcrystalline wax with nearly similar characteristics.
XRD, TGA analysis, DSC curves and SEM photographs confirmed the above findings with the addition of 1 wt.% of the non-polar modifier concentrate.
Different grades of hardened ceresin; having high congealing points; were formulated by addition of 2 to 10 wt.% of low density poly ethylene (LDPE) with the separated microcrystalline wax. The ceresin grades can be used in various applications such as paper industry, crayons, inks, coatings, electronic insulation and hot melt adhesives.
Fourteen formulated blends of petrolatum were prepared based on the produced microcrystalline wax and slop wax saturate with heavy and light paraffin oils, respectively belonging to two groups. Six formulated blends are lied within the limits of the standard specifications of US Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary of petrolatum and can be used for industrial fields as lubrication of pharmaceutical machines. Meanwhile, two of them are classified as liquid petrolatum according to the standard specifications of Ultra Chemical Inc. of liquid petrolatum.
Moreover, six formulated blends are classified as white petrolatum according to the standard specifications of US Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary 2011 and can be used in most of the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food fields. Meanwhile, three of them are within the limits of standard specifications of Ultra Chemical Inc. of ultrapure liquid petrolatum besides the limits of US Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary 2011.
On the other hand, the remainder oil produced; after the separation of the saturates from the slop wax by liquid-solid chromatographic technique; contains an appreciable amounts of mono- and di-aromatic constituents (39.91 & 60.09 wt.%, respectively) an can be used as extender oil in ink and rubber manufactures.
Key Words: Slack wax, multistage fractional crystallization, liquid-solid chromatography, urea adduction technique, non-polar modifiers, microcrystalline wax, ceresin, petrolatum.
Other data
| Title | “Intensifying Petrolatum Deoiling for Production of Different Types of Petroleum Products” | Other Titles | "رفع كفاءة عملية إزالة الزيت من خام البترولاتم ﻹنتاج أنواع مختلفة من المنتجات البترولية" | Authors | Fathi Samir Soliman Ibrahim | Issue Date | 2014 |
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