Anti-Mullerian Hormone as A Prognostic Marker of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcome in Patients with Endometriosis

Abstract

(IVF-ET) is to decrease the occurrence of multiple pregnancies without decreasing the success rate. This implies the need to obtain oocytes that are of a good quality for fertilization and implantation. Endometriosis is a disease defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma located outside the uterine cavity. These ectopic implants can be found throughout the pelvis, on and within the ovaries, abutting the uterine ligaments, occupying the rectovaginal septum, invading the intestinal serosa, and along the parietal peritoneum. Endometrial implantation at distant sites such as the pleura, lung, within surgical scars, and along the diaphragm also has been reported. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) or Mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) is a glycoprotein hormone of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family with a molecular weight of 140 kD. The possible relationship between AMH production by an individual follicle and its functional quality (i.e. follicle aptitude to release an oocyte able to become a developing embryo) remains to be demonstrated. Indeed, previous studies conducted in different species such as the rat the sheep and humans have shown that granulosa cells from atretic follicles fail to express AMH.