Outcome of Posterolateroventral Pallidotomy in the Management of Generalized Dystonia

Abstract

ovement disorder surgery has gained a lot of momentum in the past two decades. Movement disorders can be defined as excess or paucity of any of the voluntary or autonomic movements, unrelated to weakness or spasticity Movement disorders can be broadly classified into two main groups based on phenomenology to (Hypokinetic and Hyperkinetic). Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder that dramatically affects the quality and functionality of the patient. It has been misdiagnosed and hence misclassified due to its vast field of etiology and the peculiar pathophysiology that till now is not completely understood (Lalli & Albanese, 2010) (Lalli & Albanese, 2010). Dystonia was first described by Oppenheim, as dystonia musculorum deformans, in his article published in 1911, describing 4 patients, with this condition that was not known before.He explained that this condition dystonia musculorum deformans was a disorder that involve involuntary hyptonia and tonic contraction simultaneously that lead to twisted bizarre muscle contraction to the affected limb and later to an affected fixed posture and altered gait. Dystonia is the third common movement disorder after essential tremors and Parkinson’s disease (Richter, Hamann, Wissel, & Volk, 2015). In 1984, the Dystonia Medi