Effect of House Wall Structure Type on the Efficiency on Insecticides Used in the Control of Some Insect Vectors of Diseases

Abstract

The presented study was designed to evaluate the variation of insecticide residual bio-efficacy of four candidate insecticides namely; lambdacyhalothrin, deltamethrin, permethrin (pyrethroids), and malathion (organophosphate) sprayed on the most common house-wall surfaces in the Egyptian environment (wood, mud and cement) against sand flies Phlebotomus papatasi and the mosquito Culex pipiens. The residual efficacy of an insecticide on a sprayed surface was determined by following the method described by the WHO, 2006. 1. Bioefficacy of different insecticides sprayed on different wall surfaces against Phlebotomus papatasi and Culex pipiens 1.1. Insecticides-treated wood surface 1.1.1. Indoor kept insecticide-treated wood surfaces against sand flies The present study revealed that lambdacyhalothrin was the most effective insecticide on wood surfaces kept indoor against P. papatasi. The efficacy range of lambdacyhalothrin extended over 10 weeks. The efficacy range of deltamethrin-treated wood surface against P. papatasi was only three weeks. Permethrin and malathion-treated wood surfaces provided no noteworthy effect against P. papatasi.

1.1.2. Indoor kept insecticide-treated wood surfaces against mosquitoes Lambdacyhalothrin was the most effective insecticide on wood surface against Cx. pipiens. The efficacy range of lambdacyhalothrin extended over 12 weeks. Deltamethrin-treated wood surface had an efficacy range of eight weeks against Cx. pipiens. Permethrin and malathion-treated wood surfaces provided no efficacy against Cx. pipiens.

1.2. Insecticides-treated mud surface 1.2.1. Indoor kept insecticide-treated mud surfaces against sand flies Lambdacyhalothrin-treated mud surface was found to be the most effective tested insecticide against P. papatasi, its efficacy extended to four weeks. Deltmethrin-treated mud surface was not effective against P. papatasi. The efficacy was 81.3 % at zero time before it declined to 77.3% on week one. Permethrin and malathion-treated wood surfaces provided no efficacy against P. papatasi.

1.2.2. Indoor kept insecticide-treated mud surfaces against mosquitoes Indoor-kept lambdacyhalothrin-treated mud surface produced high mortality against Cx. pipiens with efficacy range of six weeks. Deltamethrin-treated mud surface was the most effective tested insecticide against Cx. pipiens. The efficacy range extended over eight weeks. Permethrin and malathion-treated mud surface didn't produce any efficiency against Cx. pipiens. Permethrin and malathion-treated mud surface produced mortality rates 64%, and 71.3% at zero time, respectively.