ANALYTICAL STUDIES ON SOME HEAVY METAL IONS IN DRINKING WATER AT QENA CITY

Abstract

The present work is confined to study the physical and chemical properties of the drinking water at Qena city (River Nile before and after filtration, wells and taps water) to follow up the changes during February 1998 - January 1999. The • concentrations of some divalent metals were determined using both differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric (DPASV) at hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric (FAAS) techniques.

The present thesis was constructed from three chapters: The first chapter: includes an introduction of the water, its pollution; toxicity of some metals and their effects on the health of the human and the sources of drinking water at Qena city. Also, this chapter contains an introduction to stripping voltammetric analysis, types of stripping analysis techniques, the parameters which may affect to the stripping voltammetric response and an introduction to the history and development of polarography from 1922 up to date. The same chapter contains an introduction to atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis, its principle, types of atomic absorption spectrophotometric techniques and the interference which present in these techniques during the determination ofthe metals in water. Finally this chapter includes a literature survey on the pollution of River Nile water and the literature survey on the determination of the metals in water by stripping voltammetric and atomic absorption spectrophotometric techniques.

The second chapter: describes the preparation of the stock solutions and also describes the instruments used in this work. Also, this chapter contains procedures for preparation of the polarographic cell, TDS detection and for the water samples