Assessment of Healing in Calvarial Bone Defect by Allogenic Demineralized Bone Matrix and Adipose Derived Stem Cells (Experimental Study)

Abstract

Background: The critical size calvarial bone defect is a challenging problem in the craniomaxillofacial field. Till now, the golden standard for its reconstruction is the autografts which harbors multiple drawbacks as availability and morbidity. So, the use of Allogenic Adipose Derived Stem Cells seeded on Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffolds offer an already made new tissue regenerate that can be stored in bone banks and used when needed. Materials and Methods: 32 adult male albino rats with surgically created Calvarial bone defect (8 mm) in the Rt. Parietal bones were divided into 4 groups; group I, control; group 2; reconstructed by DBM; group III; ADSC seeded on DBM and group IV; ADSCs seeded on prolene mesh. Evaluated 8 weeks post-operative by Gross Evaluation Score (proposed in this study), 3D CT scans with objective analysis by a software (ImageJ 1.47v) and histologically. Results: bone healing is evident 8 weeks post implantation with bone formation 75-100% in 62.5% of the defects that is reconstructed by ADSCs and DBM. Conclusion: this study presents a beneficial method for reconstruction of critical size calvarial bone defects by an already made non-immunogenic new tissue regenerate.