Radiological Impact of Natural Radioactivity in Egyptian Phosphate Rocks, Industrial Wastes and by Products.
Nora Said Hassan Mohamed;
Abstract
The measured activity concentrations of 235U, 226Ra, 238U, 232Th and 40K in the studied samples from different places in Egypt (Aswan/El-sebaeya, Abu-Tartoor, Wadi Qena and Kafr El-Zayat) show high concentrations for all samples. Also the calculated hazard indices such as Hex, Hin and Iγ values for our samples are greater than the recommended values. In addition Hin was found to be higher than the safety limit. It was noted that they are higher than the safety limit for all samples due to higher concentrations of 226Ra and 40K in phosphate samples, which imply that the use of phosphate samples should be under radiation protection precautions. So, the workers in that area have to take precautions or protections to avoid radiation exposure.
Also by calculating the excess lifetime cancer risk factor in these samples, it was found that the samples have higher (ELCR) in the all phosphate and by-products. This may indicate that the workers in factory of phosphate fertilizers receive higher total effective doses due to high radioactivity, and the workers in that area must be taken possible precautions and protection against the high radioactivity such as using the absorbers as shielding between the persons and radiation source, also people can use the radiation dosimeter as a personal dose measuring instrument to estimate the radiation absorbed dose.
It was found necessary to reduce the radiation risk due to direct gamma-radiation in phosphate rock. This may indicate that workers in phosphate factory receive the highest doses due to the inhalation of dust containing radon, and the workers in that area must be taken possible precautions and protection against the high radioactivity and high containing radon.
Hence, from the point of view of radiological protection, the phosphate rock and its by-products studied do pose radiological risk to the health population.
The concentrations of the elements determined in the present study lay within the worldwide range of these elements. The environment is contaminated by heavy elements in phosphate rock through various sources. Dry milling of phosphate rock is major source of air pollution. Also heavy metals as effluents are released to the environment during manufacturing of phosphate fertilizers.
Heavy metals such as chromium in mining and milling dust damage the nasal and lung cells.
Heavy metal contamination of soil has markedly increased in the past few decades. Application of phosphate fertilizers are among the other sources of heavy metal like Cr, Cu and Zn, input into the agricultural system. Reported use of these fertilizers may result the accumulation of these metals and increase the contamination potential in soil. Also heavy metals can enter into food chain through the food contaminated by heavy metals dust or through the contaminated crops.
So; heavy metals in the phosphate rock pollute the environment by accumulation in air, soil, water, bodies and food chain. Also the authors recommended that the workers who separate the phosphate ore during mining must be very careful and take all possible precautions.
Also by calculating the excess lifetime cancer risk factor in these samples, it was found that the samples have higher (ELCR) in the all phosphate and by-products. This may indicate that the workers in factory of phosphate fertilizers receive higher total effective doses due to high radioactivity, and the workers in that area must be taken possible precautions and protection against the high radioactivity such as using the absorbers as shielding between the persons and radiation source, also people can use the radiation dosimeter as a personal dose measuring instrument to estimate the radiation absorbed dose.
It was found necessary to reduce the radiation risk due to direct gamma-radiation in phosphate rock. This may indicate that workers in phosphate factory receive the highest doses due to the inhalation of dust containing radon, and the workers in that area must be taken possible precautions and protection against the high radioactivity and high containing radon.
Hence, from the point of view of radiological protection, the phosphate rock and its by-products studied do pose radiological risk to the health population.
The concentrations of the elements determined in the present study lay within the worldwide range of these elements. The environment is contaminated by heavy elements in phosphate rock through various sources. Dry milling of phosphate rock is major source of air pollution. Also heavy metals as effluents are released to the environment during manufacturing of phosphate fertilizers.
Heavy metals such as chromium in mining and milling dust damage the nasal and lung cells.
Heavy metal contamination of soil has markedly increased in the past few decades. Application of phosphate fertilizers are among the other sources of heavy metal like Cr, Cu and Zn, input into the agricultural system. Reported use of these fertilizers may result the accumulation of these metals and increase the contamination potential in soil. Also heavy metals can enter into food chain through the food contaminated by heavy metals dust or through the contaminated crops.
So; heavy metals in the phosphate rock pollute the environment by accumulation in air, soil, water, bodies and food chain. Also the authors recommended that the workers who separate the phosphate ore during mining must be very careful and take all possible precautions.
Other data
| Title | Radiological Impact of Natural Radioactivity in Egyptian Phosphate Rocks, Industrial Wastes and by Products. | Other Titles | : التأثيرات الاشعاعية للنشاط الإشعاعى الطبيعى فى صخور الفوسفات المصرية والنفايات الصناعية والمنتجات الثانوية | Authors | Nora Said Hassan Mohamed | Issue Date | 2017 |
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