USING PLANT TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUE FOU RAPID PROPAGATION

Abstract

This study was carried out in the Biotechnology and Plant Analysis I .a b. as well as in the green house of the Plant Physiology Division, Faculty of I Agriculture, Cairo University. The preliminary and the mnin experiments were done during the two successtve seasons ( 1999-2000 and 2000-200 I ) to study the rapid propagation of banana by shoot tip culture and to produce banana plantlets which are more resistance to salinity be treated the shoot tips with chemical mutagen substance (ethyl methane sulphonate, EMS) by different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mM) then cultmed these shoot tips on MS media supplemented by different concentrations from sea salts (0 , 2000,4000, 6000 , 8000 ppm) and transferred the resulted of plants to green house for acclimatization. The results can be summarized as follows: Shoot tip culture is a rapid and economic multiplication method to production of large numbers of plants at short time when compared with other multiplication ways (every shoot tip gave above 400 plants after 5 months by JO mM EMS treatment). Salinity caused significant decreases in smvival rate, shoot number, shoot length, root number, root length, leaves number, fresh weight and also in photosynthetic pigments, N, P, K , Mg and re concentrations Salinity caused a significant increase in total sugars, total soluble phenols, free amino acids, proline, Na nnd Ca concentrations. The obtained data indicated the possibility of successful application of the treatment with EMS as chemical mutagen to improve salinity toleratice of banana, and that was related with the increasing in concentrations of tolerant salt stress substances such as; total sugar, free amino acids, proline and soluble phenols in plant tissues with salinity level increasing. Also the data showed the successful of the treatment shoot tips or ba11a11a with EMS to ecoJHliHic multiplicntion of banana under the increasing () r feed gape.