النمذجة المكانية لملوثات الهواء دراسة لمنطقة القاهرة الكبري

Abstract

ue to rapid population growth, ambitious development and industrialization facilities, pollution can be considered the expensive cost for development .The aim of this study is to introduce the main spatial techniques applied to modeling air pollution and applying it on Greater Cairo during 2007. Spatial modeling for three air pollutants (NO2, SO2, and PM 10) measured by the monitoring stations network have been conducted. Four methods for spatial interpolation have been used which are; Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Trend Surface Model, Splines, and Kinging. Data exploration and preparations required for applying kriging have been conducted including testing for normality, autocorrelation, and stationarity. Using Kolmogrov test no transformations were needed for NO2 and PM 10 while for SO2 a square root transformation was needed to achieve normality .Using tests of similarity, the spatial stationarity has been assumed. These tests include Mann Witney, Wilcoxon, Kolmogrov-Semimov, and Leven’s test. Using root mean square (RMS), kriging and cokriging gave the best results for NO2 and SO2. However for PM 10 linear trend surface model gave the best results. The main results of the study showed that PM 10 values have exceeded the permissible limit in the stutied area. But NO2, and SO2 have only exceeded their permissible limits at specific areas only.