Update of Iatrogenic Complications in I C U

Abstract

Complications of Invasive Monitoring Invasive hemodynamic monitoring involves arterial, central venous, and pulmonary artery catheterization. Systemic arterial lines: The most common complications of arterial catheters include errors of interpretation, thrombosis, embolism, hematoma, arterial injury, nerve injury, ischemic necrosis, and infection. Central venous lines: The most common complications of CVC include pneumothorax, dysrhythmias, vascular/cardiac perforation, thrombosis, air embolism ,thoracic duct injury, airway injury, catheter malposition /knotting/ embolism, nerve injury, errors of interpretation. Infection: catheter related sepsis affects CVC inserted for both short term or long-term use. Infectious sequelae include local phenomena, such as cellulitis, abscess formation, and suppurative thrombophlebitis , and systemic manifestations of bacteremia, septic shock, and metastatic infection of the head, neck, and airway to death caused by misplacement or malpositioning of the tracheal tube. Pulmonary artery catheter: Complications of PAC include non infectious complications such as complications related to central venous access,dysrhythmias which occur frequently during floating of pulmonary arterial catheters, heart block, pulmonary artery rupture and aneurysm. Another complications as catheter knotting due to their longer length and flexibility, endocardial damage and balloon rupture. Infectious complications of PAC induced sepsis occurs in up to 2% of insertions. Complications Of Airway Management In ICU Fundamental to the management of the critically ill patient is the ability to secure, maintain, and protect the airway. Complications of mask ventilation: as trauma and pressure injuries to the structures of the face, especially the eyes .Corneal abrasions may be produced by careless placement of the mask with severe respiratory disease as barotrauma and volutrauma, oxygen toxicity, and circulatory impairment.