Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Bundle among Mechanically Ventilated Patient: Nurses' Perception

Abstract

Ventilator associated pneumonia is the second most common nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the most common in mechanically ventilated patients. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2012), Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is that type of pneumonia developing 48 hours post intubation and connection with mechanical ventilator. It is diagnosed by the presence of a number of indicators including; manifestations of pulmonary infection as; presence of a disturbance in body temperature > 38◦C or < 36◦C, leukocytosis and purulent tracheal secretions, new or persistent infiltrates detectable on chest radiographs, and positive deep tracheal aspiration culture (Aferu, 2016). Ventilator associated pneumonia bundle is a series of evidence-based interventions designed to reduce th