AN ETIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDSM
Nadia Abd ElHamid El hefeni;
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH} occurs at an almost constant frequency of 1 in 3000•4000 newborns throughout the world. The most frequent cause is thyroid dysgenesis (athyreosis, ectopy and hypoplasia) and constitutes 80 % of cases of CH.Inherited defects of thyroid hormone biosynthesis are considered to be the cause of CHin 15•20%..
CH in the newbron infant is the most frequent endocrine disorder of the neonatal period. Diagnosis based on clinical findings alone is made very rarely within the first weeks of life. Biochemical screening programmes for newbron infants have therefore been introduced during the last 20 years. (Gruters et a/1999).
Untreated CH leads to poor growth and mental retardation. With early and adequate treatment, there is normal growth and intellectual development. (Rivkees et a/1994).
High frequency ultrasound is at present the first line imaging procedure in the study of congenital hypothyroidism as it permits accurate measurement of the thyroid lobes and differentiation between hypothyroidism secondary to agenesis or hypoplasia or goitrous in nature or hypothyroidism with a thyroid gland of normal size usually accompained by the clinical findings of hyperthyrotropinemia. (Solbiati et a/1995).
Similarly, the presence or absence of thyroid glandular tissue demonstrated by thyroid scintigraphy provide useful information for diagnosis, follow up and prognosis in children with cretinism.(Pusuwan et a/1998).
The prompt restoration of clinical and biochemical euthyroidism during early infancy with doses of L.thyroxine between 10 and 14 micrograms/ kg/ day is a safe and effective method of therapy for children with CH. (Germak et a/1990).
CH in the newbron infant is the most frequent endocrine disorder of the neonatal period. Diagnosis based on clinical findings alone is made very rarely within the first weeks of life. Biochemical screening programmes for newbron infants have therefore been introduced during the last 20 years. (Gruters et a/1999).
Untreated CH leads to poor growth and mental retardation. With early and adequate treatment, there is normal growth and intellectual development. (Rivkees et a/1994).
High frequency ultrasound is at present the first line imaging procedure in the study of congenital hypothyroidism as it permits accurate measurement of the thyroid lobes and differentiation between hypothyroidism secondary to agenesis or hypoplasia or goitrous in nature or hypothyroidism with a thyroid gland of normal size usually accompained by the clinical findings of hyperthyrotropinemia. (Solbiati et a/1995).
Similarly, the presence or absence of thyroid glandular tissue demonstrated by thyroid scintigraphy provide useful information for diagnosis, follow up and prognosis in children with cretinism.(Pusuwan et a/1998).
The prompt restoration of clinical and biochemical euthyroidism during early infancy with doses of L.thyroxine between 10 and 14 micrograms/ kg/ day is a safe and effective method of therapy for children with CH. (Germak et a/1990).
Other data
| Title | AN ETIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDSM | Other Titles | دراسة سببيه لمرض نقص إفراز هرمون الغدة الدرقية الخلقي | Authors | Nadia Abd ElHamid El hefeni | Issue Date | 2001 |
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