GASTROINTESTINAL AND NUTRITIONAL COMPLICATIONS AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY
Joseph Magdy Halim;
Abstract
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse affect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy. Body mass index (BMI), which compares weight and height, is used to measure the degree of obesity.
Obesity is associated with many diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing difficulties during sleep, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive dietary calories, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, though a limited number of cases are due solely to genetics, medical reasons, or psychiatric illness.
The prevalence of obesity has increased in recent decades and is now one of the leading public health concerns worldwide. Nonsurgical strategies for weight loss, including group programs, self-monitored diets, exercise, and even medications are often inadequate for achieving meaningful and sustainable weight loss. So surgery currently offers the best chance to lose a significant amount of weight and improve quality of life.
Bariatric surgical procedures reduce caloric intake by modifying the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract. These operations are classified as either restrictive or malabsorptive or both. Restrictive procedures limit intake by creating a small gastric reservoir with a narrow outlet to delay emptying. Malabsorptive procedures bypass varying portions of the small intestine where nutrient absorption occurs.
The obese patient is at increased risk for all postoperative complications, and those related to the gastrointestinal tract may be particularly difficult to diagnose and manage. Classic physical findings are often not appreciated during examination of the obese abdomen, and diagnostic tests may be difficult to perform and interpret. The medical team should be aware of the postoperative complications, Knowing exactly which bariatric surgery was performed and having a good understanding of the normal postsurgical anatomy.
Gastrointestinal complications may present with abdominal pain, suboptimal weight loss, diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding, or wound infections. Nutritional deficiencies such as folate, calcium, vitamin B-12, and iron-deficiency anemia have been widely documented in patients after bariatric operations. Patients are routinely placed on daily supplemental vitamin therapy to decrease the chance for peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, and anemias resulting from these deficiencies. Nutritional deficiencies are more easily prevented than detected and treated.
Obesity is associated with many diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing difficulties during sleep, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive dietary calories, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, though a limited number of cases are due solely to genetics, medical reasons, or psychiatric illness.
The prevalence of obesity has increased in recent decades and is now one of the leading public health concerns worldwide. Nonsurgical strategies for weight loss, including group programs, self-monitored diets, exercise, and even medications are often inadequate for achieving meaningful and sustainable weight loss. So surgery currently offers the best chance to lose a significant amount of weight and improve quality of life.
Bariatric surgical procedures reduce caloric intake by modifying the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract. These operations are classified as either restrictive or malabsorptive or both. Restrictive procedures limit intake by creating a small gastric reservoir with a narrow outlet to delay emptying. Malabsorptive procedures bypass varying portions of the small intestine where nutrient absorption occurs.
The obese patient is at increased risk for all postoperative complications, and those related to the gastrointestinal tract may be particularly difficult to diagnose and manage. Classic physical findings are often not appreciated during examination of the obese abdomen, and diagnostic tests may be difficult to perform and interpret. The medical team should be aware of the postoperative complications, Knowing exactly which bariatric surgery was performed and having a good understanding of the normal postsurgical anatomy.
Gastrointestinal complications may present with abdominal pain, suboptimal weight loss, diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding, or wound infections. Nutritional deficiencies such as folate, calcium, vitamin B-12, and iron-deficiency anemia have been widely documented in patients after bariatric operations. Patients are routinely placed on daily supplemental vitamin therapy to decrease the chance for peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, and anemias resulting from these deficiencies. Nutritional deficiencies are more easily prevented than detected and treated.
Other data
| Title | GASTROINTESTINAL AND NUTRITIONAL COMPLICATIONS AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY | Other Titles | مضاعفات الجهاز الهضمى ونقص التغذية التى تنتج بعد عمليات السمنة المفرطة | Authors | Joseph Magdy Halim | Issue Date | 2014 |
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