Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Diabetes Related Vascular Complications

Abstract

SUMMARY D iabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high plasma glucose caused by an impairment of insulin production, insulin action or both. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is potentially associated with serious microvascular and macrovascular complications. Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) has been identified as a key factor in the pathogenesis of micro and macro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), has been identified as a biomarker of inflammation and immune activation. Increased suPAR concentrations have been associated with disease severity, readmission and mortality in various patient populations (Rasmussen et al., 2015). Higher serum and plasma suPAR concentrations have been detected in infectious and autoimmune diseases, in neoplastic and pregnancy related diseases, in patients attending emergency departments (Raggam et al., 2014), in severe diseases and in organ failure. High blood concentrations of suPAR independently predict high mortality in both patients and healthy individuals (Eugen-Olsen et al., 2002).