Synthesis of Nano-sized Ammonium Polyphosphate Modified with Clays as Flame Retardant for Some Polymeric Materials

Abstract

Flame retardants are compounds added to the manufactured materials such as polymers, textile, cellulosic materials and surface finishes as coating that inhibits, suppress, or delay the production of flames to prevent the spread of fire. It includes two main categories:- 1-Additives flame retardants. 2-Reactive flame retardants. The flame retardants materials may be natural ores such as clays or diatomite and zeolite or chemical compounds such as hydroxide of metals, halogen compounds and phosphorus compounds. The main target of this thesis is to increase the efficiency of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) when used as flame retardant for PP. This improvement goes in two directions: the first one is modifying the morphology and the particle size of the prepared ammonium polyphosphate and the second direction is additives of raw materials such as kaolin and montmorillonite. Also, the aim of this thesis extends to modify the kaolin and montmorillonite before adding to the polymer. Polypropylene (PP) is a good material for different industrial applications such as thermoplastic owing to its easy processing and good mechanical strength, a major advantage of PP is its ability to be