Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases Among Middle Aged Voluntary Screened Group
Ola Abdulsamea Aldafrawy;
Abstract
Globally, the largest proportion of non communicable diseases deaths is caused by cardiovascular disease (48%). And its risk factors are associated with four key metabolic and/or physiological changes — raised blood pressure, increased weight leading to obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Hypertension associated with diabetes probably accounts for up to 85% of excess risk of cardiovascular disease. (WHO, World health statistics 2012).
Screening interventions are designed to identify disease in a community early, thus enabling earlier intervention and management in the hope to reduce mortality and suffering from a disease. It is a complex process that spans education, invitation, disease detection, diagnosis and management (Raffle and Muir Gray, 2007).
Our aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in a group of cases coming for voluntary screening in a private hospital. And to study risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases.
The study was conducted from the period of March to October 2012 on 220 cases from males and females above 40 years of age, voluntarily choosing to undergo the check-up program in the international medical center hospital. Subjects are well educated and of high socio-economic level and are health aware of the importance of annual health checkups.
We collected a detailed history with personal data, smoking habits, regular exercise practice, family history, surgical history, medical history, occupation, and stress level. And full clinical examination with general examination and measuring weight (in kilograms), height (in meters), body mass index (in kg/m²), waist circumference (in centimeters), arterial blood pressure (twice) and ECG. And the physical examination of the heart, chest and abdomen. And the blood investigations were total Lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and TSH level.
Results were a total of 220 cases of males and females, their age ranged between 40-89 years old, their mean age was 54.7±10.2, and the sex difference was (67.3%) males and (32.7%) females.
The mean weight was 89.8 ± 18.7 Kg, and the mean height was 1.7 ±0.09 m. And the majority of cases (84.6%) are overweight and obese and in a comparison between sex and obesity it showed that females were more obese (mean females BMI: 33.09) than males (mean males BMI: 30.1). The majority of cases (87.3%) did not exert any physical activity or regular exercise practice.
Diabetes mellitus was found in 40.9% of the cases and 26.8% were newly discovered to have diabetes mellitus by the screening program. Hypertension was found in 48.6% of the cases, and 24.1% were newly discovered to have hypertension by the screening program. Coronary heart disease was found in 11.4% of cases and metabolic syndrome in 55% of the studied cases.
Coronary heart disease had a statistically significant relation with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
There were a statistically significant relation between older age and coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension as the mean age of diabetic cases (57.8 years) was more than non diabetics (52.6 years), while the mean age of hypertensive cases (57.7 years) was more than the non hypertensives (51.9 years), and the cases having CHD (59.4 years) were older in mean age than those who do not have the disease (54.1 years).
There were a statistically significant relation between high BMI and diabetes mellitus, Hypertension and metabolic syndrome as mean BMI of hypertensive cases (32.8 kg/m²) was higher than those who are not hypertensive (29.58 kg/m²), while those who are diabetic have higher BMI (33.3 kg/m²) than those who are not diabetic (29.6 kg/m²), and the majority of the obese classes have metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic syndrome had a statistically significant relation with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high waist circumference, high triglycerides and low HDL.
Occupations were statistically significant for diabetics who are business men and retired.
Screening interventions are designed to identify disease in a community early, thus enabling earlier intervention and management in the hope to reduce mortality and suffering from a disease. It is a complex process that spans education, invitation, disease detection, diagnosis and management (Raffle and Muir Gray, 2007).
Our aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in a group of cases coming for voluntary screening in a private hospital. And to study risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases.
The study was conducted from the period of March to October 2012 on 220 cases from males and females above 40 years of age, voluntarily choosing to undergo the check-up program in the international medical center hospital. Subjects are well educated and of high socio-economic level and are health aware of the importance of annual health checkups.
We collected a detailed history with personal data, smoking habits, regular exercise practice, family history, surgical history, medical history, occupation, and stress level. And full clinical examination with general examination and measuring weight (in kilograms), height (in meters), body mass index (in kg/m²), waist circumference (in centimeters), arterial blood pressure (twice) and ECG. And the physical examination of the heart, chest and abdomen. And the blood investigations were total Lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and TSH level.
Results were a total of 220 cases of males and females, their age ranged between 40-89 years old, their mean age was 54.7±10.2, and the sex difference was (67.3%) males and (32.7%) females.
The mean weight was 89.8 ± 18.7 Kg, and the mean height was 1.7 ±0.09 m. And the majority of cases (84.6%) are overweight and obese and in a comparison between sex and obesity it showed that females were more obese (mean females BMI: 33.09) than males (mean males BMI: 30.1). The majority of cases (87.3%) did not exert any physical activity or regular exercise practice.
Diabetes mellitus was found in 40.9% of the cases and 26.8% were newly discovered to have diabetes mellitus by the screening program. Hypertension was found in 48.6% of the cases, and 24.1% were newly discovered to have hypertension by the screening program. Coronary heart disease was found in 11.4% of cases and metabolic syndrome in 55% of the studied cases.
Coronary heart disease had a statistically significant relation with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
There were a statistically significant relation between older age and coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension as the mean age of diabetic cases (57.8 years) was more than non diabetics (52.6 years), while the mean age of hypertensive cases (57.7 years) was more than the non hypertensives (51.9 years), and the cases having CHD (59.4 years) were older in mean age than those who do not have the disease (54.1 years).
There were a statistically significant relation between high BMI and diabetes mellitus, Hypertension and metabolic syndrome as mean BMI of hypertensive cases (32.8 kg/m²) was higher than those who are not hypertensive (29.58 kg/m²), while those who are diabetic have higher BMI (33.3 kg/m²) than those who are not diabetic (29.6 kg/m²), and the majority of the obese classes have metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic syndrome had a statistically significant relation with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high waist circumference, high triglycerides and low HDL.
Occupations were statistically significant for diabetics who are business men and retired.
Other data
| Title | Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases Among Middle Aged Voluntary Screened Group | Other Titles | معدل انتشار أمراض القلب و العوامل المؤثرة في حدوثها في عينة من الأشخاص يتم فحصهم مبكرا اختيارياً | Authors | Ola Abdulsamea Aldafrawy | Issue Date | 2014 |
Recommend this item
Similar Items from Core Recommender Database
Items in Ain Shams Scholar are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.