Evaluation of regenerative potential of adipose – derived stem cells and autogenous bone graft in treatment of periodontal defects

Abstract

Periodontal regeneration is the ultimate goal of the periodontal therapy. The current treatment modalities differ greatly in their outcome. The autogenous bone graft is considered the "gold standard" of grafting material. Cell therapy provide a great hope to regenerate the periodontium with its different structure. Adipose derived stem cells are attractive source due to their abundance, ease of access, painless obtaining and biologic effect without ethical or safety concerns. The present study was conducted on eight healthy dogs. Lipoaspirate was obtained by liposuction, ADSCs were isolated and propagated ex vivo and after 2 weeks the surgical creation of acute interpromximal one wall periodontal defects were created in a split mouth design including 4 groups, group A as a control , group B as autogenous bone graft , group C as ADSCs and group D as ADSCs/autogneous bone graft group with chitosan scaffolding for all groups. Sacrifice was done after 3 months and the blocks were prepared for histologic with (H.&E.) stain and histochemical with (Masson trichromestain) studies. The histomorphometric study was conducted on the histochemical slides to obtain the statistical analysis.

The results of this study revealed formation of new periodontal structures in all groups with variant degree of maturation which was the least in control group and the greatest in ADSCs/autogenous bone graft group and these results were confirmed histochemically. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between ADSCs and ADSCs/autogenous bone graft groups in coronal area percent measurement and significant difference between all groups and the control group in apical area percent measurement. There was no significant difference between ADSCs group and autogenous bone graft group, while the ADSCs/autogenous group was significantly higher than all other groups. These results introduced ADSCs as new line for periodontal regeneration in comparsoion with autogenous bone graft.