Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Certain Traditional Apiaceous Plants Having Potential Biological Activity
Noha Hassan Khalil Ibrahim;
Abstract
The present work was designed to provide an in-depth phytochemical and biological study carried out on selected plants from family Apiaceae. The study aimed at phytochemical and biological investigations of the essential oils of selected Apiaceous plants as well as the hexane extract of the fruits of red carrot (Daucus carota var. boissieri).
For the fulfillment of these goals, our study was divided into two parts:
Chapter I: Bio-guided fractionation of the Hexane Extract of Red Carrot Fruit
I.1. Cytotoxic studies for the hexane extract
Cytotoxic studies of the n-hexane extract was performed on MCF-7 cell lines using MTT cell viability assay.
I.2 Chromatographic investigation of the n-hexane extract of the red carrot fruits
Hexane extract of red carrot fruits was chosen over that of yellow carrot to investigate it due to presence of a blue fluorescence observed only in the red carrot extract with the UV lamp at λ365 nm.
Twenty grams of the n-hexane fraction was dissolved in minimum amount of hexane and applied on top of 600 gm silica gel 60 column chromatography (120x4 cm). The column was eluted with n-hexane with gradual increase of ethyl acetate.
Three compounds were isolated and undergone structural elucidation using different spectroscopic methods; IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C NMR. They were identified as Xanthotoxin, α-asarone and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde.
Xanthotoxin and α-asarone were previously reported in the Daucus genus, while 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde is its first time to be isolated from this genus and this family.
I.3: Cytotoxic studies for the essential oil of red carrot fruits and the isolated compounds
Red carrot fruits essential oil and the isolated three compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell lines using MTT cell viability assay.
Chapter II: Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Essential Oils of Selected Apiaceous Fruits
II.1. Determination of the bactericidal activity of ten Apiaceous essential oils using Agar-Well Diffusion Method and Viable Count Time Kill Method
Ten Apiaceous essential oils; Pimpinella anisum L., Carum carvi L., Apium graveolens L., Coriandrum sativum L., Cuminum cyminum L., Anethum graveolens L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Petroselinum crispum L., Daucus carota L. var. sativus and Daucus carota L. var. boissieri were investigated for their antimicrobial activity. The ten mentioned oils were transformed to 10% o/w emulsion using Tween 80 as emulsifying agent. Results of agar-well diffusion method revealed that the maximum inhibition zones were obtained with cumin, coriander and caraway oils against the standard bacterial strains E. coli, B. bronchiseptica followed by Staph. aureus. On the other hand, the remaining essential oils showed much smaller inhibition zones or no inhibition at all. All tested oils had no inhibitory effect on Candida albicans.
The three essential oils; cumin, caraway and coriander which showed the maximum inhibition zones as mentioned above were selected to confirm their antibacterial activity by using viable count time-kill method. Results of this experiment revealed that the three oils, within 5 minutes, killed more than 99.999% of the exposed cells of the E. coli and B. bronchiseptic standard strains.
Staph. aureus was more resistant where 99.8% of the exposed cells were killed within 30 minutes exposure to coriander oil emulsion and only 73.56% and 50.82% were the killing percentage within the same exposure time, 30 minutes, with cumin and caraway oil emulsions, respectively.
Within 60 minutes exposure time the killing percentage was > 97.83%, 54.09% and 99.93% for cumin, caraway and coriander respectively.
II.2. Comparative biological studies on the essential oils of both Yellow carrot and Red carrot fruits
For the fulfillment of these goals, our study was divided into two parts:
Chapter I: Bio-guided fractionation of the Hexane Extract of Red Carrot Fruit
I.1. Cytotoxic studies for the hexane extract
Cytotoxic studies of the n-hexane extract was performed on MCF-7 cell lines using MTT cell viability assay.
I.2 Chromatographic investigation of the n-hexane extract of the red carrot fruits
Hexane extract of red carrot fruits was chosen over that of yellow carrot to investigate it due to presence of a blue fluorescence observed only in the red carrot extract with the UV lamp at λ365 nm.
Twenty grams of the n-hexane fraction was dissolved in minimum amount of hexane and applied on top of 600 gm silica gel 60 column chromatography (120x4 cm). The column was eluted with n-hexane with gradual increase of ethyl acetate.
Three compounds were isolated and undergone structural elucidation using different spectroscopic methods; IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C NMR. They were identified as Xanthotoxin, α-asarone and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde.
Xanthotoxin and α-asarone were previously reported in the Daucus genus, while 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde is its first time to be isolated from this genus and this family.
I.3: Cytotoxic studies for the essential oil of red carrot fruits and the isolated compounds
Red carrot fruits essential oil and the isolated three compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell lines using MTT cell viability assay.
Chapter II: Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Essential Oils of Selected Apiaceous Fruits
II.1. Determination of the bactericidal activity of ten Apiaceous essential oils using Agar-Well Diffusion Method and Viable Count Time Kill Method
Ten Apiaceous essential oils; Pimpinella anisum L., Carum carvi L., Apium graveolens L., Coriandrum sativum L., Cuminum cyminum L., Anethum graveolens L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Petroselinum crispum L., Daucus carota L. var. sativus and Daucus carota L. var. boissieri were investigated for their antimicrobial activity. The ten mentioned oils were transformed to 10% o/w emulsion using Tween 80 as emulsifying agent. Results of agar-well diffusion method revealed that the maximum inhibition zones were obtained with cumin, coriander and caraway oils against the standard bacterial strains E. coli, B. bronchiseptica followed by Staph. aureus. On the other hand, the remaining essential oils showed much smaller inhibition zones or no inhibition at all. All tested oils had no inhibitory effect on Candida albicans.
The three essential oils; cumin, caraway and coriander which showed the maximum inhibition zones as mentioned above were selected to confirm their antibacterial activity by using viable count time-kill method. Results of this experiment revealed that the three oils, within 5 minutes, killed more than 99.999% of the exposed cells of the E. coli and B. bronchiseptic standard strains.
Staph. aureus was more resistant where 99.8% of the exposed cells were killed within 30 minutes exposure to coriander oil emulsion and only 73.56% and 50.82% were the killing percentage within the same exposure time, 30 minutes, with cumin and caraway oil emulsions, respectively.
Within 60 minutes exposure time the killing percentage was > 97.83%, 54.09% and 99.93% for cumin, caraway and coriander respectively.
II.2. Comparative biological studies on the essential oils of both Yellow carrot and Red carrot fruits
Other data
| Title | Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Certain Traditional Apiaceous Plants Having Potential Biological Activity | Other Titles | دراسات فيتوكيميائية وبيولوجية على بعض نباتات العائلة الخيمية التقليدية التى لها نشاط بيولوجى محتمل | Authors | Noha Hassan Khalil Ibrahim | Issue Date | 2015 |
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