Evaluation of Serum Fetuin-A as a Novel biomarker in the Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Insulin Resistance

Abstract

Helicobacterpyloriis a helix -shaped Gramnegativebacterium with4 - 6flagella. Itisconsideredoneofthemostcommonchronic bacterialinfectionsworldwideaffectinglargenumberofthegeneral population in both developing and developed countries. TheColonizationwithH. pyloriisnotactuallyadiseasebutremaintherelativeriskofdevelopingmultipleclinicaldisordersoftheupper gastrointestinal tract like(peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis, MALTlymphomaandgastricadenocarcinoma, possibly, may cause extra gastric diseases like(insulin resistance, Atherosclerotic heart disease, iron deficiency anemia, Immune thrombocytopenicpurpuraandothers). Themostcommonroute of transmissionofH. pylori infectionisfeco-oraltransmission. There are multiplemethodsofavailabletodetectH.pyloriinfectionincluding invasivemethodsbasedonhistopathologicalexaminationofantral biopsies which is considered the actual diagnostic gold standard. Insulin resistance isapathologicstateinwhichnormalinsulin concentrations produce a subnormal response in the peripheral tissues. This insulin resistance can progress to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There are several measures can be used to determine insulin resistance but The HOMA-IRmodel has proved to be an excellent clinical and epidemiological tool for the assessment of insulin resistance.