Advances in pathogenesis and current therapeutic strategies for cardiorenal syndrome

Abstract

The heart and the kidneys share responsibility for maintaining hemodynamic stability and end-organ perfusion through a tight-knit relationship that controls cardiac output, volume status, and vascular tone. Communication between the heart and kidneys occurs through a variety of pathways. These include perfusion pressure, filling pressure, and neurohormonal activity. The cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a condition characterized by the initiation and/or progression of renal insufficiency secondary to heart failure, the term CRS should also be used to describe conditions of renal dysfunction leading to heart dysfunction (renocardiac syndrome) It is classified into five subtypes based on the primary organ dysfunction, whether heart (“cardiorenal” syndromes) or kidney (“renocardiac” syndromes) and on whether the organ dysfunction is acute or chronic Several m