Awareness Program for Secondary School Students for Prevention of Substance Dependence
Zeinab Hassan Hassan Osman;
Abstract
Adolescents are already facing multiple stressors and problems, adolescence is always an unsetting time with the many physical, emotional and psychological changes that accompany this stage of life, many young people feel that life is not fair or they feel stressed out and confused (Kirby, 2010).
Teens may experiment with drugs or alcohol or become sexually promiscuous as a way to avoid feelings of depression and negative feelings. Teens may also express their depression through hostile, aggressive, risk taking behavior, and destroying relationship with friends or with their family members (Anand, 2010).
Adolescence is the period in the individual's life transition from childhood to adulthood. It is characterized by physical, psychological changes and sexual changes. School adolescents are an important segment of the Egypt population, according to the last Egyptian Society for Addiction Control, (2011). Incidence of substance dependence in Egypt is six million adolescents in the stages of secondary school and university. They are addict to various kinds of drugs, the number of addicts' school students represents 37% of the number of students.
This study aimed to provide awareness program for secondary school students for prevention of substance dependence
This aim was achieved through:
1. Assessing the adjustment pattern of secondary school students in their daily life (self identity, self awareness, love & belonging, assertiveness, tolerance for frustration, problem solving, decision making and anger management),
2. Assessing of self–concept and anger state and trait.
3. Developing an awareness program to the secondary school students to protect them against substance dependence.
4. Implementing the awareness program to the secondary school students to protect them against substance dependence.
5. Evaluating the effect of this awareness program on secondary school students' adjustment pattern (life style) to protect them against substance dependence.
Hypothesis:
The awareness program has a positive effect on Secondary school students to protect them against substance dependence.
Research design:
The present study is " a quasi experimental" research.
Research setting:
The study was conducted at the Girls' Secondary Begam School in El Qaliubiya City.
Sample size:
The current study was conducted on one class involved 40 secondary school students from the grade year secondary school, they were divided into two groups by the researcher.
The tools of data collection
a) A self administrated questionnaire (Appendix I). It was designed in the form of multiple choice questions (MCQs), in Arabic language by the researcher based on the current literature and the guidance of the supervisors. It included the following parts:
The first part is related to personal data as name, sex, age, social class, number of rooms.
The second part is concerned with the secondary school students' knowledge about substance dependence.
The third part is deals with the patterns of students' adjustment in their daily life (self identity, self awareness, love & belonging, assertiveness, tolerance for frustration, problem solving, decision making and anger management), self–concept, and anger state and trait.
The tool was designed for the purpose of collecting personal and socio-demographic characteristics of female adolescents.
b) Tennessee of Adolescents Scale (An Arabic version by Farag, & Hekal, 2004) (Appendix II).
It is a questionnaire designed to measure self-concept among adolescents. It was designed and prepared by Tennessee Mental Health in USA in 1955. It has been modified, upgraded, and translated into Arabic. It contains 100 MCQs to measure:
• Self-satisfaction
• Personality satisfaction
• Family relation
• Social relation
c) Anger scale (An Arabic version by Abdelrahman, & Abdelhamed, 1998) (AppendixIII).
It is a questionnaire to measure anger state, it consists of 15 statements and another 15 statements to measure anger traits. It was designed and prepared by Spielberger, London. It has been modified, upgraded and translated into Arabic. It contains 30 statements:
These tools were used to measure knowledge about substance dependence, coping strategies, self concept and anger before and after intervention.
d) Awareness Program
The awareness program was developed by the researcher to enhance students' awareness to protect the secondary school students against substance dependence.
The present nursing intervention program was conducted in three phases:
First: Preparatory designing phase
This phase aimed at designing the awareness program through setting its objectives, preparing the training activities and designing the methodology and media such as colored posters and guiding modules and conducting a pilot study.
Second: Implementing phase.
This phase began by data collection, and then implementation of the awareness program for protecting secondary school students against substance dependence. Subjects involved in the study were interviewed and assessed two times, before program to obtain baseline data and after implementing program to evaluate the its effectiveness.
Third: Evaluation phase.
Upon the completion of the awareness program the post test was done to estimate its effect on the awareness of secondary school students, using the same pre program tools
The pilot study
The pilot study was conducted on 10 female students at the grade year secondary school, the Girls' Secondary Begam in Shoubra Elkhama in Qaliubiya City, in order to ensure the clarity of questions, applicability of the tools and the time needed to complete them and perform the required modifications according to the available resources.
Results:
The findings of the present study reached to the following result:
1) The findings of the present study revealed that secondary school students' age ranged between 16-<19 years. Most of the sample are females.
2) Students' level of knowledge about substance dependence, the adjustment patterns in their daily life, their level of self concept and their anger state and trait reactions are dramatically improved after the awareness program implementation with statistically significant differences. In the same line, there were statistically significant relations between students' level of knowledge about substance dependence, predominant positive adjustment pattern, predominant negative adjustment pattern, self-concept, anger state and trait and their socio-demographic characteristics.
3) There were statistically significant relations between students' level of knowledge about substance dependence and their residence, grade point average (GPA) and crowding index.
4) There were statistically significant relations between students' predominant positive adjustment pattern and their age, their residence and fathers' Job.
5) There were statistically significant relations between students' predominant negative adjustment pattern and their age and their fathers' Job.
6) There were statistically significant relations between students' level of self-concept and their birth order, their parents living together and their mothers' education.
7) There were statistically significant relations between students' level of anger state and trait with their age, their residence, their fathers' education and their crowding index.
8) There were no statistically significant relations between students' level of knowledge about substance dependence, the adjustment patterns in their daily life, their level of self concept and their anger state and trait reactions to each other.
Teens may experiment with drugs or alcohol or become sexually promiscuous as a way to avoid feelings of depression and negative feelings. Teens may also express their depression through hostile, aggressive, risk taking behavior, and destroying relationship with friends or with their family members (Anand, 2010).
Adolescence is the period in the individual's life transition from childhood to adulthood. It is characterized by physical, psychological changes and sexual changes. School adolescents are an important segment of the Egypt population, according to the last Egyptian Society for Addiction Control, (2011). Incidence of substance dependence in Egypt is six million adolescents in the stages of secondary school and university. They are addict to various kinds of drugs, the number of addicts' school students represents 37% of the number of students.
This study aimed to provide awareness program for secondary school students for prevention of substance dependence
This aim was achieved through:
1. Assessing the adjustment pattern of secondary school students in their daily life (self identity, self awareness, love & belonging, assertiveness, tolerance for frustration, problem solving, decision making and anger management),
2. Assessing of self–concept and anger state and trait.
3. Developing an awareness program to the secondary school students to protect them against substance dependence.
4. Implementing the awareness program to the secondary school students to protect them against substance dependence.
5. Evaluating the effect of this awareness program on secondary school students' adjustment pattern (life style) to protect them against substance dependence.
Hypothesis:
The awareness program has a positive effect on Secondary school students to protect them against substance dependence.
Research design:
The present study is " a quasi experimental" research.
Research setting:
The study was conducted at the Girls' Secondary Begam School in El Qaliubiya City.
Sample size:
The current study was conducted on one class involved 40 secondary school students from the grade year secondary school, they were divided into two groups by the researcher.
The tools of data collection
a) A self administrated questionnaire (Appendix I). It was designed in the form of multiple choice questions (MCQs), in Arabic language by the researcher based on the current literature and the guidance of the supervisors. It included the following parts:
The first part is related to personal data as name, sex, age, social class, number of rooms.
The second part is concerned with the secondary school students' knowledge about substance dependence.
The third part is deals with the patterns of students' adjustment in their daily life (self identity, self awareness, love & belonging, assertiveness, tolerance for frustration, problem solving, decision making and anger management), self–concept, and anger state and trait.
The tool was designed for the purpose of collecting personal and socio-demographic characteristics of female adolescents.
b) Tennessee of Adolescents Scale (An Arabic version by Farag, & Hekal, 2004) (Appendix II).
It is a questionnaire designed to measure self-concept among adolescents. It was designed and prepared by Tennessee Mental Health in USA in 1955. It has been modified, upgraded, and translated into Arabic. It contains 100 MCQs to measure:
• Self-satisfaction
• Personality satisfaction
• Family relation
• Social relation
c) Anger scale (An Arabic version by Abdelrahman, & Abdelhamed, 1998) (AppendixIII).
It is a questionnaire to measure anger state, it consists of 15 statements and another 15 statements to measure anger traits. It was designed and prepared by Spielberger, London. It has been modified, upgraded and translated into Arabic. It contains 30 statements:
These tools were used to measure knowledge about substance dependence, coping strategies, self concept and anger before and after intervention.
d) Awareness Program
The awareness program was developed by the researcher to enhance students' awareness to protect the secondary school students against substance dependence.
The present nursing intervention program was conducted in three phases:
First: Preparatory designing phase
This phase aimed at designing the awareness program through setting its objectives, preparing the training activities and designing the methodology and media such as colored posters and guiding modules and conducting a pilot study.
Second: Implementing phase.
This phase began by data collection, and then implementation of the awareness program for protecting secondary school students against substance dependence. Subjects involved in the study were interviewed and assessed two times, before program to obtain baseline data and after implementing program to evaluate the its effectiveness.
Third: Evaluation phase.
Upon the completion of the awareness program the post test was done to estimate its effect on the awareness of secondary school students, using the same pre program tools
The pilot study
The pilot study was conducted on 10 female students at the grade year secondary school, the Girls' Secondary Begam in Shoubra Elkhama in Qaliubiya City, in order to ensure the clarity of questions, applicability of the tools and the time needed to complete them and perform the required modifications according to the available resources.
Results:
The findings of the present study reached to the following result:
1) The findings of the present study revealed that secondary school students' age ranged between 16-<19 years. Most of the sample are females.
2) Students' level of knowledge about substance dependence, the adjustment patterns in their daily life, their level of self concept and their anger state and trait reactions are dramatically improved after the awareness program implementation with statistically significant differences. In the same line, there were statistically significant relations between students' level of knowledge about substance dependence, predominant positive adjustment pattern, predominant negative adjustment pattern, self-concept, anger state and trait and their socio-demographic characteristics.
3) There were statistically significant relations between students' level of knowledge about substance dependence and their residence, grade point average (GPA) and crowding index.
4) There were statistically significant relations between students' predominant positive adjustment pattern and their age, their residence and fathers' Job.
5) There were statistically significant relations between students' predominant negative adjustment pattern and their age and their fathers' Job.
6) There were statistically significant relations between students' level of self-concept and their birth order, their parents living together and their mothers' education.
7) There were statistically significant relations between students' level of anger state and trait with their age, their residence, their fathers' education and their crowding index.
8) There were no statistically significant relations between students' level of knowledge about substance dependence, the adjustment patterns in their daily life, their level of self concept and their anger state and trait reactions to each other.
Other data
| Title | Awareness Program for Secondary School Students for Prevention of Substance Dependence | Other Titles | برنامج توعية لطلاب المدارس الثانوية لحمايتهم من الاعتماد على المخدرات | Authors | Zeinab Hassan Hassan Osman | Issue Date | 2013 |
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