COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL AND RECENT TECHNIQUES USED FOR DIAGNOSIS OF MYCOPLASMA INFECTION IN FARM ANIMALS IN Egypt AND ETHIOPIA

Abstract

This study was carried out on 953 lungs and nasal, tracheal swabs samples in addition to 146 serum samples. These samples were collected from Egyptian animals (cattle, buffaloes) and Ethiopian animals (cattle and camels). The incidence of Mycoplasma from Ethiopian cattle, Egyptian cattle, Egyptian buffaloes and Ethiopian camels were 37.04%, 31.63%, 21.37% and 16.56% respectively. In this study we used digitonin sensitivity test to differantiate between Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma genera. In Ethiopian cattle, Egyptian cattle, Egyptian buffaloes and Ethiopian camels 94%, 96.77%,92% and94.34% respectively were belonged to genus Mycoplasma.. We can conclude in the Ethiopian cattle the isolates were M. bovirhinis, M bovis and M mycoides with an incidence 54.25%, 43.62% and 2.13% respectively. In Egyptian cattle there were 3 Mycoplasma sp.: M bovirhinis, with an incidence rate 32.84%, 59.7% and 7.46% respectively, While in Egyptian buffaloes there were only one sp., M bovigenitalium with incidence rate 100%.In the Ethiopian camels there were 3 Mycoplasma sp.M bovirhinis, M bovis and M mycoides with an incidence 54.25%, Mycoplasma bovirhinis, M mycoides, M. bovis and Mycoplasma arginini. Six filed isolates of M bovis represented to Ethiopian cattle, Egyptian cattle ·and Ethiopian camels was tested by PCR, the results had confmned that the examined filed isolates tested were M bovis by the presence of the specific single band at 360 bp. in each of the 6 field isolates and M. bovis reference strain.Using PCR -REAP technique on three isolates from the Ethiopian cattle which were positive to M. mycoides cluster. Then the NEST -PCR was done which identified two isolates as MmmSC since they gave a specific band at 785 base pairs. This was the first time for isolation of Mycoplasma mycoides small colony (MmmSC) from imported Ethiopian cattle on Egyptian land since declaration of Egypt free from CBPP in 1976.The results of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for Mycoplasma in cattle and camels showed the genomic diversity among M bovis field isolates as the banding patterns of field isolates were differ from isolate to another, this due to the isolates were come from different localities. This can help us in epidemiological studies of such microorganism if an outbreak occurred. Antibiotic sensitivity tests using broth indicator microdilution technique is used to determine the MICs of eight antibiotics against different Mycoplasma species isolated from cattle and buffaloes showed that, Tilmicosin is the most effective antibiotic followed by Spiramycin and Tulathromycin. They are the most active antibiotics to be used in Mycoplasma infection in cattle and buffaloes. While in the camels' isolates, Enrofloxcin is the most effective antibiotic followed by Spiramycin. ELISA results on serum san1ples revealed that the geometric mean is 989.74 and 1208.70 in the Ethiopian and Egyptian cattle respectively while is 1045.6 in the Egyptian buffaloes.