ANALYTICAL STUDY ON SOME CEPHALOSPORINS

Abstract

This thesis includes six parts:

Part one: Introduction This part is divided into two sections

Section A: General Introduction This section comprises a brief data about cephalosporins, their classes and mechanism of action.

Section B: Literature Review In this section, the structures of the studied drugs, their structure-activity relationship and their assay methods mentioned in literature are stated.

Part two: Spectrophotometric Methods This part is divided into two sections

Section A: Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Cefdinir in Presence of Its Acid- and Alkaline-Degradation Products

In this section, cefdinir was determined using three methods which are second (D2) and first (D1) derivative spectrophotometric method at 298.2 nm and 313.4nm, in presence of its acid- and alkaline-degradation products, respectively; first derivative of ratio spectrum (DR1) method at 312 nm and 310.2 nm in presence of its acid- and alkaline-degradation products, respectively; and mean centering ratio spectrum (MCR) method at 288.4 nm and 284.8 nm in presence of its acid- and alkaline-degradation products, respectively.

Section B: Application of Savitzky-Golay Differentiation Filters and Fourier Functions to Simultaneous Determination of Cefepime Hydrochloride and Levofloxacin, in Spiked Human Plasma

In this section, Savitzky-Golay differentiation filters-ratio spectrum method (SGDF-R) was applied for simultaneous determination of cefepime hydrochloride and levofloxacin in spiked human plasma at 272 nm and 336 nm, respectively. In addition, Fourier function-ratio spectrum method (FF-R) was applied for their determination in spiked human plasma at 266 nm and 322 nm, respectively.

Part three: Chromatographic Methods This part is divided into three sections

Section A: Stability-Indicating TLC-Densitometric Methods for Determination of Cefdinir and Cefepime Hydrochloride in Presence of Their Acid- and Alkaline-Degradation Products

This section comprises two TLC-densitometric methods for quantitative determination of cefdinir and cefepime hydrochloride in presence of their acid- and alkaline-degradation products at 285 nm 257nm, respectively. The optimum conditions for separation were determined.

Section B: Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for Determination of Cefepime hydrochloride in Presence of Its Acid- and Alkaline- Degradation Products

In this section, HPLC method for determination of cefepime hydrochloride in presence of its acid- and alkaline-degradation at 257 nm was developed.

Section C: Bioanalytical HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Cefepime Hydrochloride and Metronidazole in Spiked Human Plasma

In this section, HPLC method for quantitative determination of cefepime hydrochloride and metronidazole in spiked human plasma was described. Measurements were done at 285 nm. . Part four: Electrochemical Determination of Cefazolin Sodium in Pharmaceutical Formulation, Spiked Human Plasma and Spiked Cow Milk

In this part, cefazolin sodium was determined by two sensors; precipitation based polyvinyl chloride-coated graphite sensor and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin based polyvinyl chloride-coated graphite sensor; in pharmaceutical formulations, spiked human plasma and spiked cow milk.

Part five: General Discussion

This part shows a short summary of the developed methods. A comparison between the studied methods is also stated.

Part six: References This part contains 254 references.