REDUCTION OF THE POLLUTION CAUSED BY LIGNOCELLULOSIC RESIDUES

Abstract

Residual lignocellulosic materials cause environ­ mental pollution due the presence of carbon, on which micro­ organism can be grown to harmful bacteria and fungi, which cause healthy hazards. To minimize the pollution effects of these materials; economically different ways were used. Two examples of lignocellulosic materials which may cause pollu­ tion are taken into consideration in this thesis namely, waste­ paper and water hyacinth.

However, three kinds of wastepaper such as news­ print, writing and printing paper were studied, through deinked alone or in a mixture using a definite concentration of deter­ gent, time and temperature. A satisfactory optical and physical properties were obtained but less mechanical properties and to improve them carboxymethylcellulose or starch-silicate com­ plex were added.

Also wastepapers such as preused writing and print­ ing paper and newsprint can be recycled in the fonn of board after deinking. Using a certain percentage of detergent under controlled conditions. Analysis of deinked papers showed a

significant decrease of lead (less than 0.9 ppm) which make them safety for using as a board package.

Infrared spectra of recycled newsprint, writing and printing paper showed that the pulp were not affected by the treatment and the band indicated hydrocarbon resin was ab­ sent.

Applying biological teclmology show that the white­ rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium removed ink from wastepapers under sterilized condition at different pH values.

In Egypt, water hyacinth represent a great environ­ mental problem through pollution and consumption of the Nile water.

In this thesis the plant was studies as fodder cellulose by treated with hydrochloric acid or water to reduce per cent of heavy metals. To enrich its value as a fodder cellulose, ni­ trogenous compound treatment were used.

Also water hyacinth was used as lignocellulose poly­ mer-composite with significant strength properties if it was treated with water at elevated temperatures.