Psychological assessment in patients with allergic rhinitis

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a debilitating disease that currently affects up to 30% of the world population. It is clinically defined as a symptomatic disorder of the nose and para nasal sinuses induced after allergen exposure by an IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal and para nasal membranes. Classical symptoms of AR include profuse watery rhinorrhea, sneezing, itchy nose, and congestion. Post nasal drip might be present and cause cough or persistent throat clearing. Sometimes AR patients can also experience itchy conjunctiva, ears and throat. The relation between allergic rhinitis and stress is still of debate. Some studies showed statistically significant association between stress and allergic rhinitis. While in other studies non-statistically significance was found. Management of allergic rhinitis should be individually tailored according to the extent and severity of symptoms and complications with consideration of financial burden and utilization of both step-up and step-down approaches regarding pharmacotherapy. Like other chronic diseases, regular follow-up of allergic rhinitis patients is recommended. Stress reduction/elimination would be the most desirable intervention but is often difficult to achieve in our fast paced, high pressure societies. Education of the patient and/or the patient’s caregiver in regard to the management of allergic rhinitis as step-up and ste