Ridge Preservation with Autogenous Tooth Graft after Tooth Extraction (Clinical, Radiographic and Histomorphometric study)

Abstract

ooth extraction is one of the most widely performed procedures in dentistry. It has been historically well documented that this may induce significant dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge (Horowitz et al., 2012). A significant dimensional change occurs during the healing phase of extracted sockets. The walls of the socket shrink, and the changes are more apparent in buccal walls than in the lingual/palatal walls. Following tooth extraction, the ridge width decreases to about 50% in 12 months. Two-thirds of this change occurs in the first 3 months after tooth extraction. The final position of the socket walls is determined by the bone surface of adjacent teeth (Darby et al., 2009; Thoma et al., 2009; Farmer & Darby, 2014). To reduce the loss of alveolar bone to an acceptable level, several alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) techniques’ procedures have been proposed. These have included the minimally traumatic extraction of a tooth, followed by immediate grafting of the extraction sockets using particulate bone grafts or substitutes, guided bone regeneration (GBR) with or without bone grafts or substitutes and a socket seal technique using different tissue graft materials (Mardas et al. 2010; Araujo et al. 2015).