Assessment of Serum Specific Diamine Oxidase Enzyme in Diagnosing the Aeroallergen Causing Respiratory Allergy

Abstract

espiratory allergies are increasing worldwide. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma are the first leading cause of loss of productivity worldwide. It is estimated that approximately 45% of patients have never received a diagnosis necessating more attention and effort for screening, early diagnosis and management. Mast cell is the main and cornerstone contributor of a typical allergic inflammatory reaction. Its activation occurs on exposure to an allergen which leads to release of many mediators including histamine, leukotrienes and specific cytokines. Histamine is the major mediator in allergic reactions. DAO is a secretory protein responsible for the breakdown of extra cellular histamine, thus serving the function of terminating allergic reaction. Its highest activity is in the small intestine and ascending colon, placenta and kidneys. DAO is normally present in very small amounts in the circulation and its basal plasma levels are positively correlated with the maturity and integrity of the intestinal mucosa. It is also affected by multiple factors including certain foods and drugs. Diagnosis of respiratory allergy has been done by traditional methods such as skin prick test, intradermal skin test, and measurement of serum total and specific IG