"Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from Red Sea Water in Hurghada"

Abstract

The count of Fecal coliforms (FC), Escherichia coli (EC), salmonella sp. (S) and Vibrios were investigated in the Egyptian surface coastal waters of Red Sea in Hurghada to determine the degree of sewage pollution. A total of 40 sea water samples and 104 samplesof longnose parrot fish(Hipposcarusharid) were collected from Fishery port and National Institute of oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF)inHurghadaduring the four seasons from (spring 2014 to winter 2015). Hydrographical parameters including water temperature (ºC), salinity (‰), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and Ammonia were measured.The results indicated that the water quality of the investigated coastal areas was generally affected by sewage disposal and/or other anthropogenic influences. However, in bathing and recreational areas, the water quality was mainly affected by the excessive human presence, i.e. tourists/visitors and their recreational activities. In general, the counts of all investigated bacterial groups were found to be correlated with the degree of water pollution and anthropogenic activity. On the other hand, Vibrio causes vibriosis to marine longnose parrot fish (H.harid) the disease appeared and spread rapidly in fish in the (NIOF) and Fishery port (8% and 14% of fish respectively) in Hurghada (Egypt). The pathogen was isolated from internal organs of randomly collected samples of diseased fish using tryptic soy agar (TSA) and thio-sulfate citrate bile salt sucrose (TCBS) agar plates. Hemorrhagic skin ulcers in head and body varies between superficial and deep skin depigmentation, hemorrhagic spots and fin rot were the main clinical signs which appeared on the naturally infected fish. It was assumed that infection of fish was due to infection with Vibrio species. However, this study showed that the infection was caused bya heterogeneous phenotypic group which were identified by morphological characterization, biochemical and molecular tests as Vagococcussalmoninarum, V. fischeri, V. cholera, Carnobacteriummaltaromaticum, PsychrobacterurativoransandPsychrobacterceler. The isolated strains were sensitive to Ofloxacin , Gentamycin, Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Erythromycin, Nalidixic acid, and Amikacin except isolate no.1 (Vagococcussalmoninarum) which was resistant to Nalidixic acid and Ofloxacin, and isolate no.8 (Vibrio sp.)was resistant toNalidixic acid,Ampicillin and Amikacin. C. maltaromaticum was found to cause β hemolysis on blood agar media. In addition to being sensitive to the above mentioned antibiotics it was also sensitive toOfloxacin, Gentamycin,Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Erythromycin, Nalidixicacid,Amikacin,Ciprofloxacin,Colistin, Chloramphinacol, Neomycin, Doxycycline,Aminocidin, Sulfisoxazole, Penicillin G, Bacitracin, and Cefaclor.