Anaerobic Enzymes as a New Technology in Animal Feed

Abstract

Biological treatment is a new method for the improving the nutritive value of lignocelluloses materials which are the most abundant in agricultural residues. The most common cellulolytic microorganisms are fungal cultures (Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and actinomycetes and other bacteria which have the ability to produce sufficient amount of cellulase and hemi-cellulase enzymes which are capable of degrading the lignocelluloses material [1]. The biological treatments include bacterial, fungal and enzymatic additives. Each microbial species possesses a unique combination of characteristics, including substrates utilized, types and ratios of fermentation products, and growth yield [2]. The attachment of microbes to feed particles and the nitrogenous substances play important roles in the biosynthesis of protein by different organisms [3]. Thus, in order to increase digestibility of these roughages, it is important to destroy the linkage between cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin or to destroy the compact nature of the tissue, so that lignified tissue is separated from non-lignified tissues. There have been attempts to do that by mechanical, chemical or biological treatments and enriching treatments. Whereas, physical treatment means that reducing particle size for ensiling and install-feeding and that reduction of particle size can be achieved using a power driven chopper or a hand operated chaff cutter; this mean that the surface area of non-lignin material exposed to microbial attack in the rumen is increased, thus increasing the rate of digestion, thereby reducing a possible limitation to intake [4] and the smaller the particle size the less scope there is for selection.