Cardiac abnormalities in patients with Duchenne Muscular dystrophy

Abstract

uchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited myogenic disorderduo to dystrophin gene mutation on chromosome Xp21.1. It represents the most common and severe form of muscular dystrophy and occurs in 1 / 5000 male births. The underlying gene mutations cause the absence of dystrophin, a protein located on the inner side of the skeletal and the cardiac muscle cells which lead to weakness, atrophy and degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. Symptoms include gait disturbances and difficulties in climbing stairs starting early in childhood with loss of ambulation around the age of twelve(Mah et al., 2016).