Circumareolar Approach versus Inverted-T Pattern in the Management of High Grades Gynecomastia

Abstract

ynecomastia is a benign condition refers to enlargement of the male breast either due to proliferation of ductal, stromal or fatty tissue (Rohrich et al., 2003). It affects about 30-60 % of newborn infants and about 30-65 % of adolescents and old age (Ibrahiem, 2016). It occurs due to imbalance between serum levels of estrogens and androgens in the form of increasing levels of estrogens or decreasing levels of androgens (Bembo and Carlson, 2004). Also, it may be due to a defect in androgen receptors that become insensitive to normal levels of circulating androgens (Rohrich et al., 2004). The causes may be idiopathic, congenital, physiological, drug induced, oncological and systemic diseases (Rohrich et al., 2004).