The concept of al-takbīr in the byzantine theological writings

Abstract

The Byzantine polemicists in their accounts on al-takbîr or Allâ wa Koubar relate between the Ka‘ba, the worship of the Star of the Morning, the Black Stone, and the head of the Greek Goddess Aphrodite. This paper examines the concept of the Byzantine theologians on al-takbîr or Allâ wa Koubar, which is a part of Muslims’ prayer and the Islamic rituals, in order to highlight how it was perceived by the Byzantines.