Analysis of Local and Locoregional Recurrence after Adjuvant Treatment of Breast Cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer globally and is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women.' The American Cancer Society estimates that 249,260 Americans will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and 40,890 will die of the disease in the United States in 2016 (Siegel RL et al., 2016). The treatment of breast cancer includes the treatment of local disease with surgery, radiation therapy, or both, and systemic treatment with chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, biologic therapy, or combinations of these. The need for and selection of various local or systemic therapies are based on several prognostic and predictive factors. These factors include tumor histology, clinical and pathologic characteristics of the primary tumor, ALN status, tumor hormone receptor (ER/PR) content, tumor HER2 status (NCCN Guidelines, 2019). Regardless of whether the primary treatment is mastectomy or breast preserving therapy, Local recurrence may occur after conservative breast surgery in the preserved breast tissue and is called ipsilateral breast tumor recur¬rence (IBTR). It may also occur after modified radi¬cal mastectomy (MRM) or skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) in the skin along scar of the previous operation, in the subcutaneous tissue or in the musculature of the chest wall or in the reconstructed breast. Regional re¬current breast cancer is found in the regional lymph nodes as ipsilateral