The Effect of Broken Type Slopes On Wave Energy Dissipation

Abstract

Shore protection is one of the most important problems which is being studied all over the world nowadays. Shore protection structures are usually built to protect important shorelines and harbors from erosion caused by waves attack, and to create a calm area for the purposes of navigations. Some of these structures are seawalls, bulkheads, revetments, groins, jetties, and breakwaters. The primary cover layers of these structures, which resist the wave force and dissipate its energy, have different shapes and may be constructed from different types of materials. The shape of these primary cover layers may be uniform slopes, composite slopes without a berm, or bermed type slopes ( broken type slopes). Definition sketches for the types of slopes are shown in Fig.l.l The armor units used in the construction of the primary cover layers of these structures may be concrete, quarry stones, artificial blocks, or sandbags. Fig.l.2 shows different types of the artificial armor units that used in the protection of coastal structures.

There has been many investigation to study the stability of armor units, wave runup, the flow characteristics, and the effect of various parameters on the performance of the primary cover layers.

Many shorelines in Egypt expose to erosion due to wave attack in the storm period such as EL- Gameel shoreline located

at Port-Said city, furthermore the construction of needs a good design of breakwaters to resist failure.

new harbor Therefore,

the present work tries to study various parameters in increase the stability of armor units and to reduce runup.

order 'to the wave