The Association between Platelet Indices and Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage.

Abstract

Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as two or more failed clinical pregnancies as documented by ultrasonography or histopathologic examination. While recurrent miscarriage is defined as loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies. Spontaneous miscarriage is a relatively common event, occurring approximately in 15%-25% of pregnancies, and increasing in prevalence with maternal age. Yet, it is seen in 5 % of couples with two or more losses and in 1–2 % of those with three or more losses. The aetiology of recurrent miscarriage is multifactorial. Uterine anomalies and Endocrinological disorders like untreated thyroid disorder, hyperprolactinaemia, Poly cystic ovarian syndrome (pcos) and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus are associated with increased risk of miscarriage. Immunological causes including antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Chromosomal anomalies account for 2%-5% of cases of recurrent pregnancy loss mostly due to balanced reciprocal translocations; however they may be de novo and Inherited and acquired thrombophilia. However after full investigation, the cause of recurrent miscarriage can't be clarified in 50%-75% of all cases. So, there is a great challenge to clinicians to diagnose and treat unexplained miscarriage. Although pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state, the haemostatic system plays an important role in the successful completion of implantation and placentation. However, prothrombotic changes and increased inflammation can lead to thrombotic effect for these processes and may cause pregnancy loss.