Management of Zygomatico- maxillary-Orbital Fractures (ZMO) and Assessment of Outcomes

Abstract

Fractures of Zygomatic bone and other articulating bones are common in our clinical practice. The term Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures describes the fractures including zygomatic bone and other articulations with the zygoma as frontal, sphenoidal, maxillary, and temporal bones. There is no standard treatment plan for all ZMO fractures and the treatment varies from one surgeon to another and from one case to another according to degree of severity, displacement, extaocular muscle entrapment, degree of disruption of internal orbital content, and number of articulations involved. The main concepts for surgical management of ZMO fractures is to achieve the anatomical reduction of the fractured articulations, and to respect the patients satisfaction of the results by minimizing the post-operative complications. There is a debate between use of wide access exposure which exposes the all articulations for better reduction and fixation, and use of minimal invasive procedures using anatomical surgical approaches that exposes the fractured articulations only with less post-operative complications.