Assessment of Genetic Polymorphism as Risk Factor of End Stage Renal Disease in Egyptian Patients

Abstract

Kidney disease is a serious and expanding public health problem. According to Global Burden of Disease Study, kidney disease was the 12th most common cause of death, accounting for 1.1 million deaths worldwide. CKD ranked as the 17th leading cause of global years loss of life, and the third largest increase of any major cause of death. In Africa the pooled prevalence of CKD is 10.1% in the general population. In Egypt, kidney disease is the 5th cause of death, approximately 3.98 % of all Egyptian deaths, according to World Health Organization in 2017. Therefore, there is a need to identify biological markers that help to identify individuals who are at higher risk of developing CKD so that targeted therapies can be used to delay the onset of ESRD progression. In CKD patients, a number of hormonal factors have been implicated in the malnutrition development and anorexia. These may include leptin; leptin is adipokines of interest which play important roles in the regulation of appetite, body weight, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Meanwhile, adipokines accumulate in serum which is attributable to reduced renal clearance. Nevertheless, other factors, such as chronic inflammation or nutritional status, may affect leptin levels in CKD patients, as leptin is cleared principally by the kidney. Not surprisingly, serum leptin appears to increase concurrently with declines in the glomerular filtration rate in patients with CKD and those undergoing maintenance dialysis.