Pain Relief during Unsedated Office Hysteroscopy by Applying Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation: Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

ffice hysteroscopy has become increasingly used as first line investigation for abnormal uterine bleeding and other diseases involving the uterine cavity. The main limitation to its widespread use is pain and low patient tolerance. Office hysteroscopy has distinct advantages over inpatient hysteroscopy under general anesthesia, including reduced anesthetic risks, enhanced time cost effectiveness, and patient preference. However, the main limitation to the widespread use of this valuable diagnostic procedure is pain and low patient tolerance. In addition, distention of the uterus during hysteroscopy can also cause pain. Endometrial disruption or biopsy can cause further pain resulting from uterine contractions.