Ultrasound guided Percutaneous injection of foam sclerotherapy in management of lower limb varicose veins

Abstract

Varicose veins are common problem that affect the quality of life and have a significant cost burden on the health care system. Varicose veins (VVs) are defined as tortuous, dilated, bulging, superficial veins typically measuring 4mm or larger. Other patterns of venous pathology include reticular veins which are less tortuous flat veins 1-3 mm diameter, and spider veins which are 1mm or less. (Tafur Et al., 2013) Varicose veins affect up to 40% of the general population. With no gender preferences yet women are more common to address varicose veins related symptoms than men. (Fowkes et al., 2014) Risk factors include female gender, family history, pregnancy, prolonged standing, obesity, vascular malformations, old age and hormone therapy. Varicose veins are more common in Caucasian and white compared to Blacks or Asians. (Tafur Et al., 2013) Varicose veins common symptoms are cosmetic disfigurement, heaviness or tension, swelling, aching, restless legs, cramps, tingling, and itching. The prevalence of symptoms tended to increase with age in both sexes. (Fowkes et al., 1999) Varicose veins are a complex disease with multifactorial pathogenesis. The exact pathogenesis of the varicose veins is not yet completely understood despite their prevalence. The major cause is venous hypertension due to reflux of blood through incompetent valves or due to venous obstruction. (Jacobs et al., 2017) Varicose veins are common problem that affect the quality of life and have a significant cost burden on the health care system. Varicose veins (VVs) are defined as tortuous, dilated, bulging, superficial veins typically measuring 4mm or larger. Other patterns of venous pathology include reticular veins which are less tortuous flat veins 1-3 mm diameter, and spider veins which are 1mm or less. (Tafur Et al., 2013)