"Synthesis and Characterization of Some Copolymers of p-phenylenediamine using eco-friendly nanomaterial for improving mechanical and electrical properties"

Abstract

Due to the essential importance of conductive polymers and its entrance in many vital industrial applications such as antistatic coatings, shielding materials against electromagnetic interference (EMI), materials for rechargeable batteries, capacitors and super capacitors, electrochromic devices (smart windows), and a variety of electrochemical sensors. Semiconducting polymers and oligomers can be used in more high-tech devices such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), field-effect transistors FETs, photovoltaic solar cells, and solid-state injection lasers. So in this work we try to reach to a series of polymers and copolymers of p- phenylenediamine can obey these vital applications and improve their properties by using waste product which also eco-friendly material (Egg Shell). Egg Shell was added to polymers and copolymers of p- phenylenediamine in two forms in nano scale 50-100nm (ESN) and in micro scale 0.2μ (ESG) with different concentrations (1%) 0.02gm and (2%) 0.04gm, furthermore egg shell in two forms combined to Carbon nano tubes (CNT+ESG) and ( CNT+ESN) and added to polymers and copolymers of p- phenylenediamine. This work divided to three categories (1) Preparation of polyp-phenylenediamine (PpPDA) with additives ESG, ESN, CNT, (CNT+ESG) and (CNT+ESN)) and comparing their results with the other copolymers of p-phenylenediamine with Ethylene Glycol and Glycerol with the same additives. (2) Preparation of copolymers p-phenylenediamine with ethylene glycol (poly(pPDA/EG) with different ratios (1:1), (1:2) and (2:1) and studying effect of additive of ES and CNT with different concentrations on the prepared copolymers. (3) Preparation of copolymers p-phenylenediamine with glycerol (poly(pPDA/Gl) with different ratios (1:1), (1:2) and (2:1) and studying effect of additive of ES and CNT with different concentrations on the prepared copolymers.