Evaluation of the Malondialdehyde (MDA) level Following the Adjunctive Use of Lycopene and Vitamin C in Non Surgical Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a specialized infectious disease that involves inflammation of the gums and periodontal bone resorption and may subsequently lead to tooth loss if left untreated. During an inflammatory response, cytokines, chemokines, and other mediators stimulate lipid peroxidation, protein damage, increased apoptosis increasing the oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species. Early in the progression of periodontal disease, especially in periodontitis, there is a marked oxidative process with increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). The antioxidant defense system can inhibit and/or reduce the damage caused by deleterious action of free radicals or nonradical reactive species. Among these antioxidants commonly used were lycopene and vitamin C are currently used in various auxiliary treatments for cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, ageing, and atherosclerosis. These conditions have physiologic links with periodontal diseases which would lead to the assumptions that a potential benefit could also be observed under these therapies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in