Physiological studies on the effect of chitosan nanoparticles against toxicity induced by bisphenol -A in catfish, Clarias gariepinus

Abstract

Bisphenol-A is considered one of the most building blocks of polycarbonate plastic which has been widely employed in our daily life. In this study, the toxic effect of BPA was demonastrated in female catfish C. gariepinus. As well as, the modulatory effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) in preventing or alleviating the induced defects. The results of this study are summarized as follows: The half lethal concentration (LC50) of BPA was determined through exposure of fish to different five concentrations of BPA. The LC50 value of BPA/96 h. for female C. gariepinus fish was 1.43µg/l. The clinical signs of C. gariepinus associated with BPA toxicity were manifested by trials to jump out of aquaria, moving towards the air source, restlessness swimming and staying motionless at a certain location generally at mid water level for prolonged periods, rapid opercular movements, Abnormal skin pigmentation in the form of fading were also observed. While, the postmortem examination revealed different degree of congestion, haemorrhage in all internal organs. Discoloration of liver with distention of the gall bladder was also recorded as prominent lesions. The biochemical analysis revealed marked increases in levels of AST (liver function indicator), Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid (Kidney function indicators), potassium, chloride, Glucose ,Cortisol, cholesterol, and triglycerides during the whole period of exposure. On the other hand, significant reductions in blood biochemical parameters (ALP, ALT, sodium, Total proteins, Albumin and Globulin) were also detected. In addition to a marked declines in serum AChE, LDH. On the other hand, serum concentrations of FSH, 17ß-E2 was highly significant decreased. While, LH, and T concentrations were significantly increased. Co-administration of CSNPs with BPA during the whole period of the experiment at the two doses (0.33ml/L. and 0.66ml/L.) improved the values of the above tested parameters to be in normal values, particularly in fish co-administereted the high dose of CSNPs.