Use of power Doppler in the management of molar pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

Abstract

Early diagnosis of cancer is the hall¬mark for its successful treatment, so the diagnostic modalities should be characterized by high sensitivity and specificity and the extent of distinguishing ability between benign and malignant tumors depending on small available changes Gestational trophoblastic disease includes a spectrum of conditions characterized by abnormal trophoblastic proliferation and invasion. It primarily comprises five diseases: _Hydatidiform mole, _ Invasive mole, _Choriocarcinoma, _Placental site trophoblastic tumor, _ Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Ethnicity and geographical regions may be a surrogate for many potential influences on population health including access to medical care, lifestyle as well as a reflection of genetic variation within the population. Broad variations in the distribution of GTD exist worldwide, with higher frequencies in some parts of Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Major aetiological hypotheses, including parental age, AB0 blood groups, history of GTD, reproductive factors, oral contraceptive use, and other environmental factors. The early clinical manifestations are menolipsis, vaginal bleeding, and the abnormal rising of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and minority is diagnosed by the first symptoms of cough and headache which are